| (a) normal EF (n = 20) | (b) preserved EF (n = 12) | (c) Mild (n = 16) | (d) Moderate (n = 10) | (e) Severe (n = 10) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kinetic energy parameters normalised to LVEDV (KEiEDV) | ||||||
 LV# | 8.5 ± 2.7 | 7 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 2.9 | 6.1 ± 1.2 | 6.8 ± 3.5 | 0.10 |
 Minimal# | 0.95 ± 0.63b, c | 0.53 ± 0.29a, e | 0.56 ± 0.32a, e | 0.76 ± 0.37e | 1.48 ± 0.54b, c, d | < 0.01 |
 Systolic | 9.2 ± 3.8c, d, e | 8.4 ± 5.1d, e | 6.8 ± 3.2a, d | 5.9 ± 1.5a, b, c | 5.7 ± 1.7a, b | < 0.01 |
 Diastolic# | 7.5 ± 4.2 | 6.9 ± 2.4 | 5.6 ± 2.5 | 6.3 ± 2.3 | 7.5 ± 3.4 | 0.30 |
 Peak E-wave | 22 ± 10.2 | 19.1 ± 6.9 | 14.1 ± 9.2 | 14.6 ± 7.3 | 17.3 ± 9.4 | 0.13 |
 Peak A-wave | 12.5 ± 5.6e | 13.7 ± 7.7e | 11.4 ± 5.5 | 10.9 ± 6.2 | 8 ± 6.2a, b | 0.10 |
 In-plane (%) | 36.5 ± 7.2b, e | 31.3 ± 3.9a, d, e | 35.5 ± 5.6e | 38.4 ± 7.5b | 41.4 ± 4a, b, c | < 0.01 |
 TD (msec) | 11 ± 31b, d, e | 34 ± 11a, e | 26 ± 33d, e | 53 ± 28a, c | 90 ± 76a, b, c | < 0.01 |
Kinetic energy parameters normalised to SV (KEiSV) | ||||||
 LV# | 13 ± 5e | 12 ± 7e | 12 ± 5e | 18 ± 6e | 29 ± 19a, b, c, d | < 0.01 |
 Minimal# | 1.4 ± 0.9e | 0.9 ± 7e | 1.1 ± 0.9e | 1.9 ± 1.5e | 6 ± 4a, b, c, d | < 0.01 |
 Systolic | 15 ± 5e | 15 ± 10e | 14 ± 6e | 16 ± 6e | 22 ± 5a, b, c, d | 0.03 |
 Diastolic# | 11.6 ± 6d, e | 11.6 ± 5e | 11.6 ± 5e | 17 ± 10a, e | 34 ± 15a, b, c, d | < 0.01 |
 Peak E-wave | 35 ± 14e | 33 ± 15e | 29.5 ± 19e | 39 ± 27 | 62 ± 52a, b, c | 0.02 |
 Peak A-wave | 19 ± 10e | 23.5 ± 13 | 22 ± 1e | 32 ± 17 | 33 ± 27a, c | 0.03 |
Kinetic energy parameters without normalisation | ||||||
 LV# | 1.3 ± 0.6e | 1.3 ± 1e | 1.1 ± 0.7e | 1.3 ± 0.5e | 1.9 ± 0.7a, b, c, d | 0.15 |
 Minimal# | 0.14 ± 0.07b, e | 0.08 ± 0.09a, d, e | 0.13 ± 0.1e | 0.15 ± 0.1b, e | 0.36 ± 0.08a, b, c, d | < 0.01 |
 Systolic | 1.45 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.65 | 0.27 |
 Diastolic# | 1.14 ± 0.8e | 1 ± 0.6e | 1 ± 0.6e | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.9a, b, c | < 0.01 |
 Peak E-wave | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 3 ± 1.5 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 3 ± 2.2 | 4.3 ± 2.7 | 0.16 |
 Peak A-wave | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 2 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 0.35 |