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Table 4 Post-hoc analysis of several LV KE flow parameters in different LV function sub-groups

From: Left ventricular blood flow kinetic energy after myocardial infarction - insights from 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance

 

(a) normal EF (n = 20)

(b) preserved EF (n = 12)

(c) Mild (n = 16)

(d) Moderate (n = 10)

(e) Severe (n = 10)

P-value

Kinetic energy parameters normalised to LVEDV (KEiEDV)

 LV#

8.5 ± 2.7

7 ± 2.9

6.3 ± 2.9

6.1 ± 1.2

6.8 ± 3.5

0.10

 Minimal#

0.95 ± 0.63b, c

0.53 ± 0.29a, e

0.56 ± 0.32a, e

0.76 ± 0.37e

1.48 ± 0.54b, c, d

< 0.01

 Systolic

9.2 ± 3.8c, d, e

8.4 ± 5.1d, e

6.8 ± 3.2a, d

5.9 ± 1.5a, b, c

5.7 ± 1.7a, b

< 0.01

 Diastolic#

7.5 ± 4.2

6.9 ± 2.4

5.6 ± 2.5

6.3 ± 2.3

7.5 ± 3.4

0.30

 Peak E-wave

22 ± 10.2

19.1 ± 6.9

14.1 ± 9.2

14.6 ± 7.3

17.3 ± 9.4

0.13

 Peak A-wave

12.5 ± 5.6e

13.7 ± 7.7e

11.4 ± 5.5

10.9 ± 6.2

8 ± 6.2a, b

0.10

 In-plane (%)

36.5 ± 7.2b, e

31.3 ± 3.9a, d, e

35.5 ± 5.6e

38.4 ± 7.5b

41.4 ± 4a, b, c

< 0.01

 TD (msec)

11 ± 31b, d, e

34 ± 11a, e

26 ± 33d, e

53 ± 28a, c

90 ± 76a, b, c

< 0.01

Kinetic energy parameters normalised to SV (KEiSV)

 LV#

13 ± 5e

12 ± 7e

12 ± 5e

18 ± 6e

29 ± 19a, b, c, d

< 0.01

 Minimal#

1.4 ± 0.9e

0.9 ± 7e

1.1 ± 0.9e

1.9 ± 1.5e

6 ± 4a, b, c, d

< 0.01

 Systolic

15 ± 5e

15 ± 10e

14 ± 6e

16 ± 6e

22 ± 5a, b, c, d

0.03

 Diastolic#

11.6 ± 6d, e

11.6 ± 5e

11.6 ± 5e

17 ± 10a, e

34 ± 15a, b, c, d

< 0.01

 Peak E-wave

35 ± 14e

33 ± 15e

29.5 ± 19e

39 ± 27

62 ± 52a, b, c

0.02

 Peak A-wave

19 ± 10e

23.5 ± 13

22 ± 1e

32 ± 17

33 ± 27a, c

0.03

Kinetic energy parameters without normalisation

 LV#

1.3 ± 0.6e

1.3 ± 1e

1.1 ± 0.7e

1.3 ± 0.5e

1.9 ± 0.7a, b, c, d

0.15

 Minimal#

0.14 ± 0.07b, e

0.08 ± 0.09a, d, e

0.13 ± 0.1e

0.15 ± 0.1b, e

0.36 ± 0.08a, b, c, d

< 0.01

 Systolic

1.45 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 1.3

1.3 ± 0.9

1.2 ± 0.3

1.7 ± 0.65

0.27

 Diastolic#

1.14 ± 0.8e

1 ± 0.6e

1 ± 0.6e

1.3 ± 0.7

2.2 ± 0.9a, b, c

< 0.01

 Peak E-wave

3.5 ± 1.5

3 ± 1.5

2.3 ± 1.6

3 ± 2.2

4.3 ± 2.7

0.16

 Peak A-wave

1.7 ± 0.6

2 ± 1.2

1.9 ± 1.1

2.1 ± 1.4

2.4 ± 2.1

0.35

  1. All data is represented as median ± inter-quartile range. Significant differences within groups represented as superscript
  2. nEF normal ejection fraction in controls with no MI, pEF MI patients with preserved ejection fraction, LV left ventricle, TD time difference of peak E-wave KE propagation from base to mid-ventricle
  3. #P-value is adjusted for the co-variate: heart rate