Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Patients | Clinical characteristics | CMR | Technique | Findings | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delewi 2012 [12] | 194 STEMI (123 anterior) Multicentre Substudy of an RCT | Age: 56 ± 9 years Male: 85% DM: 6% Smoker: 52% MI size: 23 ± 12 g | 1.5 T Between 2 and 7 (4 ± 2) days and at 4 months | Cine + LGE imaging | 17 (8.8%) early LV thrombus and 12 late LV thrombus All LV thrombus were in anterior STEMI | 8/17 patients with LV thrombus treated with anticoagulation 15/17 LV thrombus resolved by 4 months |
Lanzillo 2013 [11] | 36 STEMI (19 anterior) Single centre | Age: 59 ± 10 years Male: 89% DM: 22% Smoker: 69% MI size: 40 ± 13% | 1.5 T Within 7 days (5.5 ± 1.4 days) | LGE imaging | 7 (19%) LV thrombus All LV thrombus were in anterior STEMI | All resolved by 1 month |
Pöss 2015 [10] | 738 STEMI (339 anterior) Multicentre Substudy of an RCT | Age: 62 (51–71) years Male: 76% DM: 20% Smoker: 47% MI size: 17 (8–25)% | 1.5 T and 3 T CMR between days 1 to 10, median 3 days | Cine + LGE imaging | 26/738 (3.5%) LV thrombus 24/26 (92%) we in anterior STEMI | LV thrombus was associated with larger MI size, lower LVEF and increased rate of MACE (Death, re-infarction and new HF) |
Weinsaft 2016 [4] | 201 STEMI (108 anterior) | Age: 56 ± 12 years Male: 84% DM: 23% Smoker: 32% MI size: 15 (6–23)% | 1.5 T Between 7 and 30 days (28 ± 6 days) | Long inversion time LGE | 17/201 (8%) LV thrombus 16/17 of the LV thrombus were in anterior STEMI | LV thrombus was associated with apical LV dysfunction |
Bière 2016 [14] | 329 STEMI (183 anterior) Single centre | Age: 58 ± 11 years Male: 82% DM: 12% Smoker: 43% MI size: 20 ± 13% | 1.5 T and 3 T Day 6 (4–8) and at 3 months | First pass perfusion | 22 (6.7%) early LV thrombus and 9 (2.9%) late LV thrombus All LV thrombus were in anterior STEMI | FFP improved detection of LV thrombus over cine and LGE images |
Cambronero-Cortinas 2017 [13] | 574 STEMI patients had the acute CMR only. 392 STEMI (207 anterior) had paired acute and follow-up CMR Single centre | Age: 58 ± 12 years Male: 82% DM: 19% Smoker: 60% MI size: 19 (10–30)% | 1.5 T 7 ± 2 days and 6 months (those with LV thrombus were rescanned at 1 year (11/13) | LGE imaging | 574 with CMR at 1 week (LV thrombus 28–5%) 18 (5%) early LV thrombus and 9 (2%) late LV thrombus 4/18 (24%) still had LV thrombus at 6 months (anterior) 11 with LV thrombus at 6 months – 3/11 (27%) still had LV thrombus at 1 year (3/25–12%) | LVEF< 50% and anterior STEMI independently predicted LV thrombus (c-statistic 0.82) Patients with anterior infarction and LVEF < 50% are at highest risk of developing LV thrombus (23/115, 20%). |
Gellen 2017 [9] | 265 anterior STEMI | Age: 58 ± 12 years Male: 85% DM: 44% Smoker: 43% MI size: 31 ± 12% | CMR within 21 days | LGE imaging | 34/265 (12.8%) with LV thrombus CMR ≤ 5 days: 13/160 CMR > 5 days: 21/105 | The highest LV thrombus detection rate was in patients with CMR performed 9 to 12 days after STEMI |
Weir 2009 [15] | 100 Acute MI (90 STEMI, 10 NSTEMI) with LVEF< 40% | Age: 59 ± 12 years Male: 77% DM: 0% Smoker: 55% MI size: 33 ± 21 ml/m2 | CMR at a mean of 4.2 days (range 2–11 days) | First-pass perfusion + LGE | 15/100 (15%) with LV thrombus All anterior MI (15/55, 27.3%) | All patients with LV thrombus were formally anticoagulated. No patients with thromboembolic events at 6 months |
Surder 2015 [16] | Substudy of SWISS-AMI study 177 anterior STEMI with LVEF< 45% | Age: 57 ± 10 years Male: 85% DM: 11% Smoker: 59% MI size: 29 ± 12% | CMR at a median of 6 (4–8)days | Cine + LGE imaging | 11/177 (6.2%) with LV thrombus | All patients with LV thrombus were anticoagulated. |
Meurin 2015 [17] | 100 anterior STEMI with LVEF< 45% | Age: 59 ± 12 years Male: 71% DM: 20% Smoker: 43% LVEF: 33 ± 6% | CMR at a median of 30 days (range 20–40 days) | Cine + LGE imaging | 26/100 (26%) with LV thrombus | All patients with LV thrombus were started on anticoagulation |