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Table 1 Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

From: Maldistribution of pulmonary blood flow in patients after the Fontan operation is associated with worse exercise capacity

 

All Patients (n = 147)

Patients with MPBF (n = 53)

Patients without MPBF (n = 94)

P Value

Age at Fontan (yr)+

3.2 [2.2–6]

2.9 [2–4.8]

3.3 [2.3–7.6]

0.21

Age at CMR (yr)

21.8 [16.5–30.6]

20.7 [16.5–25]

23.2 [16.6–32.2]

0.20

Time since Fontan (yr)

17.2 [13.1–22.9]

16.5 [13.1–20.9]

17.9 [12.9–23.9]

0.23

Time between CMR and CPET (mos)

2.8 [0–13.8]

1 [0–14.5]

4.5 [0–11.5]

0.10

Body surface area at CMR (m2)

1.7 [1.5–1.9]

1.7 [1.5–1.8]

1.7 [1.5–2]

0.52

Cardiac Diagnosis

   

0.14

 Tricuspid atresia

37 (25%)

14 (26%)

23 (24%)

 

 Double-inlet left ventricle

24 (16%)

7 (13%)

17 (18%)

 

 HLHS

25 (17%)

14 (26%)

11 (12%)

 

 Unbalanced AV canal

9 (6%)

4 (8%)

5 (5%)

 

 Double-outlet right ventricle

25 (17)

9 (17%)

16 (17%)

 

 Complex 2 ventricle

13 (9%)

2 (4%)

11 (12%)

 

 Hypoplastic TV/RV

6 (4%)

0 (0%)

6 (7%)

 

 Pulmonary atresia/IVS

2 (1%)

1 (2%)

1 (1%)

 

 Mitral atresia

6 (4%)

2 (4%)

4 (4%)

 

Levocardia

122 (83%)

78 (83%)

44 (83%)

0.90

HLHS only

25 (17%)

14 (26%)

11 (12%)

0.04

Heterotaxy

17 (12%)

8 (16%)

9 (10%)

0.23

Genetic diagnosis

11 (7%)

5 (9%)

6 (6%)

0.45

Dominant ventricular morphology

   

0.68

 Left ventricle

58 (40%)

19 (42%)

39 (42%)

 

 Right ventricle

49 (33%)

20 (32%)

29 (31%)

 

 2 ventricles

40 (27%)

14 (26%)

26 (27%)

 

History of neonatal surgery

79 (54%)

34 (64%)

45 (48%)

0.06

History of Glenn operation

75 (51%)

33 (62%)

39 (41%)

0.02

History of Damus-Kaye-Stansel

42 (29%)

21 (40%)

21 (22%)

0.04

Bilateral Glenn operation

13 (8.8%)

5 (10%)

8 (10%)

0.50

Fontan Type

   

0.43

 Lateral tunnel

98 (67%)

41 (77%)

57 (60%)

 

 RA-Pulmonary artery

31 (21%)

8 (15%)

23 (25%)

 

 Extracardiac

11 (8%)

3 (6%)

8 (11%)

 

 RA-RV Fontan

5 (3.4%)

1 (2%)

4 (4%)

 

History of any PA interventiona

34 (23%)

20 (38%)

13 (14%)

0.004

 History of PA intervention before Fontan

12 (8%)

10 (19%)

2 (2%)

0.001

 History of PA intervention at Fontan

3 (2%)

1 (2%)

2 (2%)

0.70

 History of PA intervention after Fontan

19 (13%)

10 (19%)

9 (10%)

0.09

Pulmonary vein stenosisa

5 (3%)

4 (7%)

1 (1%)

0.06

  1. Abbreviations: AV atrioventricular, CMR cardiovascular magnetic resonance, CPET cardiopulmonary exercise test, HLHS hypoplastic left heart syndrome, IVS intact ventricular septum, MPBF maldistribution of pulmonary blood flow, PA pulmonary artery, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle, TV tricuspid valve
  2. aPrior to CMR. + Data presented as median [interquartile range]