Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patient population by LA enlargement
Variable a | Overall (n = 10,890) | Normal [< 52 mL/m2] (n = 6471) | Mild [52–62 mL/m2] (n = 1617) | Moderate [63–73 mL/m2] (n = 1142) | Severe [> 73 mL/m2] (n = 1660) | P – value b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 60 (48, 69) | 57 (44, 67) | 61 (51, 70) | 64 (54, 72) | 65 (55, 75) | < 0.001 |
Female (%) | 43% | 46% | 43% | 39% | 36% | < 0.001 |
Race | ||||||
 White (%) | 74% | 73% | 74% | 76% | 74% | 0.09 |
 Black (%) | 17% | 17% | 16% | 16% | 17% |  |
 Asian (%) | 4% | 5% | 4% | 3% | 3% |  |
 Other (%) | 5% | 5% | 6% | 5% | 6% |  |
Anthropometric Indices | ||||||
 BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 (24.2, 32) | 28 (24.3, 32.3) | 28 (24.4, 32.1) | 27.8 (24.3, 31.6) | 26.4 (23.4, 30.5) | < 0.001 |
 BSA (m2) | 2 (1.8, 2.2) | 2 (1.8, 2.2) | 2 (1.8, 2.2) | 2 (1.8, 2.2) | 2 (1.8, 2.1) | < 0.001 |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127 (114, 140) | 127 (115, 139) | 127 (115, 141) | 128 (114, 141) | 126 (112, 141) | 0.19 |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73 (65, 82) | 73 (65, 82) | 73 (64, 82) | 72 (64, 81) | 72 (64, 82) | 0.3 |
 Heart Rate (bpm) | 72 (63, 82) | 72 (63, 82) | 70 (62, 81) | 71 (62, 83) | 73 (62, 85) | < 0.001 |
 Hematocrit (%) | 41 (37, 45) | 42 (38, 45) | 41 (36, 45) | 40 (35, 44) | 40 (36, 45) | < 0.001 |
 eGFR (mL/min) | 78 (62, 97) | 81 (66, 101) | 77 (60, 94) | 74 (57, 90) | 70 (56, 88) | < 0.001 |
Clinical History | ||||||
 Myocardial Infarction (%) | 14% | 12% | 15% | 17% | 16% | < 0.001 |
 Current Smoker (%) | 10% | 10% | 9% | 10% | 9% | 0.66 |
 Atrial fibrillation (%) | 9% | 4% | 11% | 16% | 24% | < 0.001 |
 Non-ischemic CMP (%) | 9% | 7% | 10% | 10% | 15% | < 0.001 |
Heart Failure | 25% | 17% | 28% | 37% | 45% | < 0.001 |
 NYHA Class I (%) | 6% | 10% | 3% | 6% | 3% | < 0.001 |
 NYHA Class II (%) | 36% | 43% | 35% | 32% | 29% |  |
 NYHA Class III (%) | 51% | 41% | 56% | 56% | 60% |  |
 NYHA Class IV (%) | 7% | 6% | 5% | 6% | 8% |  |
History of Hypertension (%) | 63% | 58% | 67% | 72% | 70% | < 0.001 |
History of Dyslipidemia (%) | 51% | 49% | 52% | 53% | 53% | 0.007 |
History of Diabetes (%) | 23% | 22% | 26% | 27% | 22% | < 0.001 |
Family History of CAD (%) | 49% | 47% | 50% | 54% | 54% | < 0.001 |
Inpatient (%) | 33% | 28% | 34% | 39% | 44% | < 0.001 |
Reason for Scan | ||||||
 CHF/CMP Evaluation (%) | 23% | 13% | 18% | 25% | 68% | < 0.001 |
 Valve Assessment (%) | 16% | 15% | 21% | 23% | 13% | < 0.001 |
 Coronary Artery Disease (%) | 19% | 22% | 22% | 17% | 9% | < 0.001 |
 Arrhythmia (%) | 12% | 8% | 9% | 11% | 33% | < 0.001 |
 Congenital (%) | 7% | 9% | 5% | 5% | 1% | < 0.001 |
 Mass/Thrombus (%) | 6% | 7% | 5% | 3% | 3% | < 0.001 |
Medication use | ||||||
 Antihypertensive use (%) | 77% | 71% | 81% | 85% | 89% | < 0.001 |
 Antiplatelet use (%) | 48% | 47% | 49% | 52% | 47% | 0.013 |
 Anticoagulant use (%) | 23% | 17% | 23% | 30% | 37% | < 0.001 |
 Statin use (%) | 44% | 42% | 45% | 48% | 45% | 0.006 |
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics | ||||||
 LA volume Indexed (mL/m2) | 47 (36, 63) | 39 (32, 45) | 57 (54, 60) | 67 (65, 70) | 88 (79, 103) | – |
 LVEDV Indexed (mL/m2) | 71 (56, 91) | 64 (53, 79) | 77 (62, 98) | 83 (66, 106) | 96 (71, 125) | < 0.001 |
 LVESV Indexed (mL/m2) | 27 (18, 44) | 23 (16, 34) | 30 (20, 51) | 34 (22, 60) | 44 (26, 75) | < 0.001 |
 LVSV Indexed (mL/m2) | 40 (32, 49) | 39 (31, 46) | 43 (34, 52) | 43 (33, 53) | 44 (33, 58) | < 0.001 |
 LVEF (%) | 61 (48, 69) | 63 (53, 70) | 60 (44, 69) | 59 (40, 68) | 54 (35, 66) | < 0.001 |
 LV Mass (g) | 131 (98, 174) | 118 (91, 154) | 144 (109, 190) | 152 (115, 194) | 166 (123, 211) | < 0.001 |
 LV Cardiac Output (L/min) | 5.6 (4.4, 6.9) | 5.3 (4.2, 6.5) | 5.8 (4.7, 7.3) | 5.9 (4.7, 7.5) | 6.2 (4.9, 8) | < 0.001 |
 LV CO Indexed (L/min/m2) | 2.9 (2.3, 3.5) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) | 3 (2.5, 3.6) | 3 (2.4, 3.8) | 3.2 (2.5, 4.1) | < 0.001 |
 RVEDV Indexed (mL/m2) | 69 (55, 86) | 64 (51, 78) | 72 (58, 88) | 77 (62, 93) | 83 (65, 106) | < 0.001 |
 RVESV Indexed (mL/m2) | 32 (24, 43) | 29 (22, 38) | 33 (25, 44) | 37 (28, 49) | 44 (31, 63) | < 0.001 |
 RVSV Indexed (mL/m2) | 35 (27, 44) | 35 (27, 43) | 38 (29, 46) | 38 (29, 46) | 36 (28, 46) | < 0.001 |
 RVEF (%) | 53 (45, 60) | 54 (48, 61) | 54 (45, 60) | 51 (42, 58) | 47 (36, 55) | < 0.001 |
 LV Myocardial Scar (%) | 0 (0, 3) | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 4) | 0 (0, 5) | 1 (0, 5) | < 0.001 |
 Any Scar in LV (%) | 38% | 32% | 42% | 45% | 53% | < 0.001 |
Outcomes | ||||||
 Death | 835 (7.7%) | 394 (6.1%) | 133 (8.2%) | 103 (9%) | 205 (12.4%) | < 0.001 |