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Table 3 Univariable Association of Clinical and CMR for MACE

From: Comparison of myocardial fibrosis quantification methods by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for risk stratification of patients with suspected myocarditis

 

MACE

Potential Predictors

HR (95% CI)

p value

Baseline

 Age (year)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

< 0.001

 Female sex

1.60 (1.07–2.38)

0.021

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

1.05 (1.02–1.08)

0.001

Referral reasons

 Acute (< 2 weeks) vs. subacute presentation (≥2 weeks)

1.87 (1.22–2.86)

0.003

History

 Hypertension

1.72 (1.14–2.61)

0.011

 Tobacco

1.59 (0.99–2.58)

0.057

 Diabetes

2.51 (1.49–4.22)

0.001

 Dyslipidemia

1.46 (0.93–2.28)

0.101

Medications

 Aspirin

1.47 (1.19–1.82)

< 0.001

 ACE inhibitors

1.80 (1.21–2.68)

0.004

 Beta-blockers

2.34 (1.55–3.51)

< 0.001

 Diuretics

3.03 (2.01–4.56)

< 0.001

 Statins

1.50 (0.95–2.35)

0.080

 Insulin

3.62 (1.82–7.21)

< 0.001

ECG

 Abnormal ECG

1.16 (0.78–1.74)

0.455

Laboratory Testing’s

 Troponin abnormal

1.01 (0.57–1.79)

0.968

 Creatine-kinase abnormal

1.19 (0.62–2.29)

0.596

 White blood cell count abnormal

1.79 (1.09–2.92)

0.021

CMR characteristics

 LVEF (%)

0.95 (0.94–0.97)

< 0.001

 LVEDVi (ml/m2)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

< 0.001

 LVESVi (ml/m2)

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001

 LV mass index (g/m2)

1.01 (1.00–1.03)

0.021

 RVEF (%)

0.95 (0.93–0.96)

< 0.001

 RVEDVi (ml/m2)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.570

 RVESVi (ml/m2)

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

< 0.001

 Pericardial effusion

2.31 (1.54–3.45)

< 0.001

 T2- weighted imaging (SIR ≥2)

2.14 (1.30–3.52)

0.003

CMR LGE quantifications methods

 LGE mass (g)

  - 2-SD

1.02 (1.00–1.03)

0.011

  - 3-SD

1.02 (0.99–1.04)

0.064

  - 4-SD

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

0.162

  - 5-SD

1.01 (0.97–1.06)

0.356

  - 6-SD

1.01 (0.95–1.07)

0.754

  - 7-SD

1.00 (0.92–1.09)

0.973

  - FWHM

1.04 (1.02–1.06)

0.001

CMR LGE visual assessment

 LGE presence

2.22 (1.47–3.35)

< 0.001

 LGE-VPS

1.09 (1.04–1.15)

< 0.001

 LGE-VTS

1.02 (1.01–1.04)

< 0.001

  1. CMR cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, LGE Late gadolinium enhancement, HR Hazard ratio, SD Standard deviation, FWHM Full width half maximum, MACE Major adverse cardiac events, VPS visual presence score, VTS visual transmurality score