Fig. 1

a Drilling layout of the coronary artery-mimicking phantom manufactured in a 10-cm-diameter 2-cm-thick polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block. The 22 drilled diameters ranged from 3.00–0/+ 0.004 mm to 3.42–0/+ 0.004 mm, in steps of 0.02 mm, and were repeated at 5 different grid locations in the phantom, adding up to a total of 110 holes. b For computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans, the PMMA block was inserted into a commercially available anthropomorphic thorax computed tomography (CT) phantom. CSA indicates cross-sectional area; ΔCSA, cross-sectional area difference with 3-mm nominal diameter