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Fig. 3 | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Fig. 3

From: Sorted Golden-step phase encoding: an improved Golden-step imaging technique for cardiac and respiratory self-gated cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Fig. 3

Cardiac and respiratory motion extraction from pseudo-projections. The central 5% phase encodes (pseudo-projections) were processed for optimal cardiac motion detection (a). From a group of automatically detected “cardiac pixels” (red “+” markers), the cardiac waveform was derived and was used to generate cardiac events (b) to replace ECG triggers (dashed, shown for reference). The same pseudo-projections were processed for optimal respiratory motion detection (c), from which a respiratory waveform was extracted using principal component analysis (PCA) to perform respiratory gating (d). In this experiment, the subject was instructed to breath-hold for several seconds before breathing freely. The plateau region at the beginning of (d) shows that the PCA can capture non-cyclical motion. AU: arbitrary unit

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