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Fig. 4 | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Fig. 4

From: Noncontrast free-breathing respiratory self-navigated coronary artery cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography at 3 T using lipid insensitive binomial off-resonant excitation (LIBRE)

Fig. 4

Three different fat suppression methods (Fig. 1) for radial imaging were investigated in phantoms and legs of healthy subjects. a Phantom images indicate a clear difference across different techniques. b Quantitative results obtained after image analysis of the phantom experiments show fat SNR as function of the LIBRE excitation frequency fRF with a total pulse duration of 2.2 ms (blue). The SNR of fat in identical acquisitions using FS or WE are also indicated as a reference. Dashed blue lines correspond to the theoretical optimum for fRF for fat resonating at − 400 Hz, − 440 Hz and − 480 Hz (Fig. 2, Eq. 1). c The CNR determined between the inner and outer compartment of the phantom that mimic blood and myocardial tissue respectively is comparable across different techniques. d Leg images obtained in healthy subjects using three different fat suppression methods. e SNR of fat and muscle tissue in the leg show a significant decrease of fat SNR using LIBRE, while the SNR of muscle tissue remains similar to WE. Note that the perceived differences between the tissue signals (fat and muscle) in the images and the quantitative SNR plots (c versus d) can be mainly attributed to an increase in the noise in fat suppression. Image intensities were scaled for identical window and level settings. **p < 0.005

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