Fig. 3

Functional Diagram of the MRI-compatible, Wireless, 12-lead ECG Module with Defibrillation-Overload Protection. The module is located on a patient table and provides both wireless and wired data links. It can move with the table between the MRI and fluoroscopy rooms. Data are transmitted via a bidirectional wireless link and router to a real-time review and display station, which is located in the control room. The module also provides optional gradient waveform and wired digital-data link, which were not used in this study. Inset: block diagram of the 12-lead ECG module. The filtering and conditioning module performs bandpass filtering using either diagnostic (0.05–150 Hz) or monitoring (0.5–50 Hz) frequency range. In addition, the module detects EMI in the input signals (e.g., ECG), using time-domain features of EMI patterns (e.g., derivative and amplitude) and discards the corresponding time sample or inserts an “EMI event” mark to guide the signal-processing algorithm [26, 27]