Repaired coarctation of the aorta, persistent arterial hypertension and the selfish brain

Table 2 Subgroup analysis of repaired CoA subject with and without VAH + ipCoW

	Repaired coarctation patients		p-value
	No VAH + ipCoW (n = 81)	VAH + ipCoW (n = 46)	p-value
Demographic data
Age (years)	33 ± 14	35 ± 12	= 0.32
Male gender n [%]	46 [57]	31 [67]	= 0.26
BMI (kg/m²)	25 ± 5	26 ± 5	= 0.13
Blood pressure data
Office SBP (mmHg)	134 ± 18	145 ± 20	< 0.003
Office DBP (mmHg)	75 ± 10	77 ± 11	= 0.17
Uncontrolled HTN^a n [%]	5 [6]	8 [18]	= 0.064
On anti-HTN Rx n [%]	27 [33]	25 [54]	= 0.025
ACEi /ARB n [%]	41 [50]	29 [64]	= 0.31
CCB n [%]	16 [20]	12 [26]	= 0.74
Beta-blocker n [%]	36 [44]	19 [42]	= 0.99
Other congenital heart defects
Bicuspid aortic valve n [%]	66 [81]	28 [61]	= 0.14
Ventriculoseptal defect	13 [16]	4 [9]	= 0.30
Coarctation repair data^b
Age at repair (years)	5 (0–39)	7 (0–59)	= 0.41
End to End repair n [%]	29 [47]	19 [51]	= 0.68
Subclavian flap n [%]	14 [23]	6 [16]	= 0.61
Patch repair n [%]	8 [13]	7 [19]	= 0.56
Angioplasty^c n [%]	11 [18]	5 [14]	= 0.78
Recoarctation n [%]	43 [52]	19 [41]	= 0.35

ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CCB calcium channel blocker, HTN hypertension
^a Uncontrolled hypertension definition: office BP > 140/90 mmHg despite at least 2 anti-hypertensive medications
^b Repair data = median (range), total n = 99, no VAH + iCoW n = 62, VAH + iCoW n = 37
^c Angioplasty is pooled balloon and stent angioplasty subgroups

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