Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to the primary combined endpoint

Age (years)

62.9 ± 12.1

65.5 ± 13.3

64.1 ± 12.6

0.146

Sex, male(n,%)

84(70.6%)

63(69.2%)

147(70%)

0.832

Arterial hypertension(n,%)

76(63.9%)

60(67.4%)

136(65.4%)

0.594

Diabetes mellitus(n,%)

42(35.3%)

44(49.4%)

86(41.3%)

0.040

Dyslipidemia(n,%)

55(46.2%)

47(52.8%)

102(49%)

0.347

Atrial fibrillation(n,%)

32(26.9%)

30(33.0%)

62(29.5%)

0.339

Left bundle branch block(n,%)

31(26.5%)

18(21.2%)

49(24.3%)

0.384

Implanted cardiodefibrillator,(n,%)

20(17.1%)

24(27.6%)

44(21.6%)

0.302

Cardiac resynchronization therapy, (n,%)

8(6.7%)

2(2.2%)

10(4.8%)

0.114

Previous coronary artery disease(n,%)

25(21.0%)

28(31.1%)

53(25.4%)

0.096

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

76.2 ± 16.1

69.2 ± 19.7

73.7 ± 17.9

0.012

Stage 3–4 Renal Failure (eGFR< 50 ml/min/1.73m²)

9(8.5%)

13(17.1%)

22(12.1%)

0.079

Sodium (mEq/L)

138.1 ± 2.7

137.3 ± 4.1

137.7 ± 3.3

0.128

Nt-proBNP (pg/mL)

5888 ± 4703

6043 ± 5041

5953 ± 4821

0.881

NYHA Functional Class

<  0.001

 I

26(21.8%)

7(7.7%)

33(15.7%)

 II

73(61.3%)

44(48.4%)

117(55.7%)

 III

16(13.4%)

31(34.1%)

47(22.4%)

 IV

4(3.4%)

9(9.9%)

13(6.2%)

Etiology of left ventricular dysfunction (n,%)

0.006

 Ischemic

33 (27.7%)

41 (46.1%)

74(35.6%)

 Non-ischemic

86 (72.3%)

48 (53.9%)

134(64.4%)

Idiopathic

38(31.9%)

18(20.2%)

56(26.9%)

Tachycardiomyopathy

18(15.1%)

7(7.7%)

25(11.9%)

LBBB

10(8.4%)

6(6.7%)

16(7.7%)

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

8(6.7%)

6(6.6%)

14(6.7%)

Cardiotoxicity

5(4.2%)

3(3.3%)

8(3.8%)

Infiltrative cardiomyopathy

2(1.7%)

5(5.5%)

7(3.3%)

Non-compacted cardiomyopathy

4(3.4%)

2(2.2%)

6(2.9%)

Myocarditis

1(1%)

1(1%)

2(1%)

 LVEF (%)

27.9 ± 9.3

27.5 ± 9.9

27.8 ± 9.6

0.712

 LVEDD (mm)

59.6 ± 7.6

58.9 ± 7.4

59.3 ± 7.5

0.632

 LVESD (mm)

46.8 ± 8.9

48.4 ± 9.2

47.6 ± 9.1

0.292

 RV diameter (mm)

23.3 ± 5.9

24.7 ± 8.2

23.9 ± 6.9

0.270

 SPAP (mmHg)^a

46.8 ± 14.7

49.7 ± 14.3

48.1 ± 14.5

0.244

 TAPSE (mm)

17.2 ± 3.8

16.4 ± 5.9

16.9 ± 4.7

0.370

 TAPSE/SPAP ratio (mm/mmHg)^a

0.42 ± 0.19

0.35 ± 0.25

0.39 ± 0.22

0.129

 LVEF(%)

27.5 ± 10.4

25.9 ± 9.5

26.9 ± 10.0

0.265

 LVEDVI (mL/m²)

123.8 ± 39.1

137.3 ± 47.3

129.7 ± 43.2

0.025

 LVESVI (mL/m²)

91.6 ± 37.7

103.3 ± 46.1

96.7 ± 41.8

0.050

 RVEF(%)

42.4 ± 15.5

44.0 ± 15.9

43.1 ± 15.7

0.450

 RVEDVI (mL/m²)

76.3 ± 31.5

78.0 ± 33.9

77.1 ± 32.5

0.705

 RVESVI (mL/m²)

45.6 ± 26.0

46.2 ± 30.3

45.9 ± 27.9

0.863

 LGE ischemic-pattern (n,%)

27(26.5%)

28(41.8%)

55(32.5%)

0.038

 LGE non-ischemic pattern (n,%)

46(45.5%)

22(33.3%)

68(40.7%)

0.166

MvPA (cm/s)

10.9 ± 4.2

8.9 ± 3.2

10.1 ± 3.9

<  0.001

PVR (WU)

5.1 ± 2.4

5.8 ± 2.4

5.5 ± 2.4

<  0.036

Maximal PA-area (cm²)

8.2 ± 2.4

9.1 ± 2.2

8.6 ± 2.4

0.013

Minimal PA-area (cm²)

6.2 ± 2.4

7.1 ± 1.9

6.6 ± 2.1

0.010

PA pulsatility (%)

0.35 ± 0.20

0.30 ± 0.14

0.33 ± 0.18

0.102

RV Emax/Ea

0.89 ± 0.60

0.93 ± 0.62

0.91 ± 0.61

0.622

No event

n = 35

Primary combined endpoint

n = 20

Total sample

n = 55

p-value

MPAP (mmHg)

29.5 ± 10.7

34.8 ± 9.7

31.4 ± 10.5

0.077

PCWP (mmHg)

20.9 ± 8.2

20.6 ± 7.6

20.8 ± 7.8

0.904

RA pressure (mmHg)

11.9 ± 6.9

12.8 ± 5.7

12.3 ± 6.4

0.694

Cardiac output(l/min)

3.9 ± 1.5

3.1 ± 1.2

3.6 ± 1.4

0.090

PVR (WU)

2.7 ± 1.9

4.6 ± 2.8

3.4 ± 2.4

0.013

TPG (mmHg)

8.6 ± 6.0

13.8 ± 8.6

10.6 ± 7.4

0.013

Pulse pressure (mmHg)

23.7 ± 10.0

28.3 ± 15.2

25.4 ± 12.2

0.206

PA Compliance (mm³/mmHg)

1.87 ± 0.91

1.41 ± 0.84

1.67 ± 0.90

0.099