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Table 2 Summary of the descriptive statistics for fmax in healthy subjects at different locations and measured by different modalities, for two cutoff values of spectral energy (95% and 99%). The upper boundary is defined as the mean plus three times the standard deviation and it is the value below which 99.7% of the population is contained

From: On the optimal temporal resolution for phase contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: establishment of baseline values

Modality

Location

95%

99%

fmax95 (Hz)

Nyquist rate (ms)

fmax99 (Hz)

Nyquist rate (ms)

Mean

SD

Upper boundary

Mean

SD

Upper boundary

CMR

CCA

6.8

0.4

8.0

62

10.7

1.7

15.8

32

CFA

4.5

0.7

6.6

75

12.3

5.1

27.5

18

AAo

3.9

0.3

4.9

103

7.7

1.1

11.0

45

DAo

3.9

0.3

4.9

103

9.3

1.2

13.0

38

US

CCA

7.1

1.1

10.4

48

13.6

2.8

21.9

22

CFA

4.9

0.9

7.6

66

12.0

3.1

21.4

23

  1. CCA Common carotid artery, CFA Common femoral artery, AAo Ascending aorta, DAo Descending aorta, SD Standard deviation, CMR Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, US Ultrasound