Layer-specific strain in patients with heart failure using cardiovascular magnetic resonance: not all layers are the same

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics in the 5 Subgroups of Subjects

	Healthy controls (n = 70)	At risk for heart failure (n = 126)	HFpEF (n = 87)	p-value 1	HFmrEF (n = 88)	HFrEF (n = 58)	p-value 2
Preserved ejection fraction
Age, year	59 (52,69)*^†	65 (60,72)*	73 (64,81)	< 0.001	70 (60,75)^¶	66 (59,77)^¶	0.005
Male	29 (37.1%)	53 (42.1%)	34 (39.1%)	0.78	61 (69.3%)	40 (69.0%)	< 0.001
BMI, (kg/m²)	28 (24,30)*^†	29 (25,34)*	30 (28,35)	< 0.001	29 (26,33)^¶	29 (26,32)^¶	0.013
Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg)	128 (116,140)^†	137 (123,151)	130 (121,146)	0.070	125 (115,136)^¶	124 (111,133)^¶	0.006
Heart rate, bpm	67 (60,76)	68 (61,76)	64 (60,76)	0.16	64 (60,75)	68 (60,76)	0.30
NYHA Class			2.1 ± 0.7	N/A	1.9 ± 0.7	2.0 ± 0.7	0.30
Coronary artery disease	0	22 (17.5%)	37 (42.5%)	< 0.001	40 (45.5%)	29 (50%)	0.68
Hypertension	0	100 (79.4%)	75 (86.2%)	< 0.001	56 (63.6%)	37 (63.8%)	0.001
Atrial fibrillation/flutter	0	19 (15.1%)	34 (39.1%)	< 0.001	36 (40.9%)	23 (39.7%)	0.98
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	0	8 (6.4%)	18 (20.1%)	< 0.001	15 (17.1%)	12 (20.7%)	0.79
Chronic kidney disease	0	9 (7.1%)	22 (25.3%)	< 0.001	17 (19.3%)	11 (19.0%)	0.55
Beta blocker	0	34 (27.0%)	64 (73.6%)	< 0.001	79 (89.8%)^¶	54 (93.1%)^¶	0.001
ACEi or ARB	0	86 (68.3%)	73 (83.9%)	< 0.001	76 (83.6%)	50 (86.2%)	0.88
NT-proBNP (pmol/l)	5 (3,10)*^†	7 (4,16)*	66 (19,132)	< 0.001	57 (24,147)	104 (52,253)^¶^§	0.003
Creatinine (mol/l)	78 (67,86)*	77 (67,89)*	96 (76,123)	< 0.001	97 (80,122)	93 (77,110)	0.49

HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFmrEF heart failure with midrange ejection fraction, HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, BMI body mass index, NYHA New York Heart Association Classification, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACEI Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide
p-values 1 were derived from comparison among the three subgroups with preserved ejection fraction and p-values 2 for the three subgroups of patients with heart failure
*Significantly different from HFpEF in comparison among 3 subgroups with preserved LVEF
^†Significantly different from patients at risk for heart failure in comparison among three subgroups with preserved LVEF
^¶Significantly different from HFpEF in comparison among three subgroups with heart failure
^§Significantly different from HFmrEF in comparison among three subgroups with heart failure
Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25th, 75th percentile), as appropriate

ISSN: 1532-429X