Table 2 Cardiac structure and functions in the 5 subgroups of subjects

Preserved ejection fraction

 LVEF (%)

63 (61,67)^†

66 (62,70)*

63 (59,68)

0.008

48 (44,52) ^¶

32 (25,38)^¶§

 < 0.001

 LVEDVI (ml/m²)

74 (68,83)

75 (65,87)

76 (68,86)

0.73

100 (81,114)^¶

134 (100,165)^¶§

 < 0.001

 LVESVI (ml/m²)

27 (23,31)

25 (21,31)

28 (22,33)

0.16

51 (40,62)^¶

90 (64,121)^¶§

 < 0.001

 LVM index, (g/m²)

55 (49,61)*^†

61 (51,71)*

66 (56,79)

 < 0.001

76 (63,88)^¶

91 (74,110)^¶§

 < 0.001

 LVM/LVEDV

0.72 (0.66,0.79)*^†

0.80 (0.70,0.91)*

0.85 (0.73,0.98)

 < 0.001

0.79 (0.66,0.88)^¶

0.67 (0.60,0.76)^¶§

 < 0.001

 RWT

0.31 (0.27,0.34) *

0.32 (0.28,0.37)*

0.34 (0.29,0.40)

0.019

0.32 (0.27,0.37)^¶

0.28 (0.24,0.32)^¶§

 < 0.001

 RVEF

58 (55,64)^†

62 (57,67) *

60 (52,64)

0.021

52 (46,58)^¶

49 (41,56)^¶§

 < 0.001

 RVEDVI, (ml/m²)

74 (63,83)

75 (61,88)

71 (63,91)

0.74

81 (67,97)^¶

79 (68,108)^¶

0.070

 RVESVI, (ml/m²)

30 (23,35)

28 (22,35)

31 (24,39)

0.27

38 (28,48)^¶

39 (31,57)^¶

 < 0.001

 GLS_EPI (%)

 − 16.5 ± 2.4*^†

 − 15.5 ± 2.7*

 − 14.1 ± 3.0

 < 0.001

 − 11.6 ± 2.1^¶

 − 8.2 ± 2.2^¶§

 < 0.001

 GLS_AVE (%

 − 19.6 ± 2.5*

 − 19.2 ± 3.1*

 − 17.9 ± 3.3

 < 0.001

 − 14.0 ± 2.3^¶

 − 9.4 ± 2.7^¶§

 < 0.001

 GLS_ENDO (%)

 − 21.1 ± 2.6

 − 21.2 ± 3.4

 − 20.1 ± 3.7

0.050

 − 15.3 ± 2.9^¶

 − 10.0 ± 3.2^¶§

 < 0.001

 GLS_ENDO/GLS_EPI

1.3 (1.2,1.4)*^†

1.4 (1.3,1.5)*

1.4 (1.3,1.5)

 < 0.001

1.3 (1.2,1.4)^¶

1.2 (1.2,1.3)^¶§

 < 0.001

 Absolute GLS layer difference, (%)

 − 4.7 (− 5.8, − 3.3)*^†

 − 5.7 (− 7.4, − 4.1)

 − 5.6 (− 7.5, − 4.3)

 < 0.001

 − 3.5 (− 5.1, − 2.3)^¶§

 − 2.1 (− 2.7, − 1.0)^¶§

 < 0.001

 Relative GLS layer difference (%)

21.9 (16.5,27.0)*^†

27.3 (20.4,32.5)*

28.9 (23.4,34.4)

 < 0.001

25.4 (16.1,29.9)^¶§

17.9 (13.4,25.8)^¶§

 < 0.001

 GCS_EPI (%)

 − 11.1 ± 2.8

 − 10.2 ± 2.5

 − 10.2 ± 3.4

0.072

 − 7.8 ± 2.4^¶

 − 5.7 ± 2.2^¶§

 < 0.001

 GCS_AVE (%)

 − 19.9 ± 3.4

 − 19.9 ± 3.3

 − 19.3 ± 4.0

0.40

 − 13.9 ± 3.1^¶

 − 9.3 ± 3.1^¶§

 < 0.001

 GCS_ENDO (%)

 − 29.9 ± 4.7

 − 31.1 ± 5.3

 − 29.9 ± 6.1

0.17

 − 21.1 ± 4.9^¶

 − 13.1 ± 4.6^¶§

 < 0.001

 GCS_ENDO/GCS_EPI

2.6 (2.4,3.1)*^†

3.0 (2.6,3.6)

2.9 (2.4,4.0)

0.004

2.6 (2.3,3.3)^¶

2.3 (1.9,2.9)^¶§

 < 0.001

 Absolute GCS layer difference (%)

 − 18.8 (− 21.1, − 16.3)^†

 − 20.8 (− 24.3, − 17.8)*

 − 19.0 (− 23.1, − 16.1)

0.002

 − 13.0 (− 16.2, − 9.8)^¶

 − 7.5 (− 8.7, − 5.1)^¶§

 < 0.001

 Relative GCS layer difference (%)

61.8 (58.4,67.5) *^†

67.0 (62.1,72.1)

65.4 (57.8,74.8)

0.004

62.0 (57.1,69.2)^¶

56.8 (47.4,64.9)^¶§

 < 0.001

 GRS_LAx (%)

48.9 ± 10.7*

47.5 ± 12.8*

41.1 ± 13.8

 < 0.001

28.5 ± 9.4^¶

18.7 ± 7.7^¶§

 < 0.001

 GRS_SAx (%)

46.7 ± 12.4*

46.3 ± 15.1*

38.6 ± 16.7

 < 0.001

27.0 ± 9.0^¶

17.7 ± 8.1^¶§

 < 0.001