Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Table 1 References, normal adult left ventricular volumes, function and dimensions

First author, year	CMR technique	n, male:female	Age range (years)
Hudsmith, 2005 [22]	1.5 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV mass	63:45	21–68
Maceira, 2006 [10]	1.5 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV mass	60:60	20–80
Chang, 2012 [23]	1.5 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV volume	64:60	20–70
Macedo, 2013 [24]	1.5 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV mass	54:53	20–80
Yeon, 2015 [25]	1.5 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV volume	512:340	(61 ± 9)^a
Le, 2016 [11]	3 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV mass	91:89	20–69
Le Ven, 2016 [14]	1.5 T, Short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV mass	196:238	18–36
Lei, 2017 [15]	3 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV volume	60:60	23–83
Petersen, 2017 [16]	1.5 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV volume	368:432	45–74
Bentatou, 2018 [12]	1.5 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV mass	70:70	20–69
Buelow, 2018 [13]	1.5 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV mass	291:326	20–80^b
Liu, 2018 [26]	1.5 T, short axis bSSFP, papillary muscles included in LV mass	50:50	20–70

n number of study subjects, bSSFP balanced steady-state free precession, LV left ventricle
^aMean ± SD (age-range not provided in original publication)
^b6 subjects > 80 years included

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