Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Table 14 Left atrial volumes and function in the adult for men and women, SSFP technique

Method	Parameter	Men				Women
Method	Parameter	n	Mean_p	SD_p	LL–UL^j	n	Mean_p	SD_p	LL–UL^j
Biplane area-length method; LA appendage excluded	Max. LA volume (ml)^a	734	72	20	31–112	841	64	18	28–100
	Max. LA volume/BSA (ml/m²)^a	734	38	11	17–59	841	39	11	17–61
	Min. LA volume (ml)^b	171	25	10	6–44	146	22	8	7–38
	Min. LA volume/BSA (ml/m²)^c	171	14	5	3–24	146	13	5	4–23
	LA stroke volume (ml)^d	468	44	12	21–67	509	42	10	21–62
	LA stroke volume/BSA (ml/m²)^e	363	22	6	10–34	432	22	6	10–34
	LA ejection fraction (%)^f	534	62	8	46–77	578	63	8	48–78
Simpson’s method; LA appendage excluded	Max. LA volume (ml)^g	66	70	15	40–99	69	66	13	39–93
	Max. LA volume/BSA (ml/m²)^g	66	41	8	24–57	69	44	8	28–60
	Min. LA volume (ml)^g	66	32	9	15–50	69	28	7	15–42
	Min. LA volume/BSA (ml/m²)^g	66	19	5	9–28	69	19	4	11–27
	LA ejection fraction (%)^g	66	54	8	38–70	69	57	6	45–69
Simpson’s method; LA appendage included	Max. LA volume (ml)^h	256	78	18	42–115	298	66	14	37–94
	Max. LA volume/BSA (ml/m²)^h	256	40	8	25–56	298	39	7	25–53
	Min. LA volume (ml)ⁱ	196	32	9	14–50	238	24	7	10–38
	Min. LA volume/BSA (ml/m²)ⁱ	196	17	4	9–25	238	15	4	7–23
	LA stroke volume (ml)ⁱ	196	47	13	21–73	238	39	10	19–59
	LA stroke volume/BSA (ml/m²)ⁱ	196	24	6	12–36	238	24	5	14–34
	LA ejection fraction (%)ⁱ	196	59	8	43–75	238	61	7	47–75

n number of study subjects included in the weighted mean values, bSSFP balanced steady-state free precession, mean_p pooled weighted mean, SD_p pooled standard deviation, LL lower limit, UL upper limit, Max. maximal, Min. minimal, LA left atrial, BSA body surface area
^aPooled weighted values from references [11, 16, 32,33,34]
^bPooled weighted values from references [22, 32, 33]
^cPooled weighted values from references [32, 33]
^dPooled weighted values from references [16, 32]
^eValues from reference [16]
^fPooled weighted values from references [16, 22, 32, 33]
^gValues from reference [33]
^hPooled weighted values from references [14, 31]
ⁱValues from reference [14]
^jCalculated as mean_p ± 2*SD_p

ISSN: 1532-429X