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Table 23 Left ventricular parameters for adult athletes (papillary muscles included in LV volume) according to reference [50]

From: Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Parameter

Non-athletes [mean ± SD (LL–UL)c]

Regular athletesa [mean ± SD (LL–UL)c]

Elite athletesb [mean ± SD (LL–UL)c]

Men (n = 56)

Women (n = 58)

Men (n = 83)

Women (n = 60)

Men (n = 46)

Women (n = 33)

LVEDV (ml)

201 ± 33 (135–267)

156 ± 22 (112–200)

250 ± 32 (186–314)

194 ± 27 (140–248)

261 ± 39 (183–339)

199 ± 31 (137–261)

LVEDV/BSA (ml/m2)

101 ± 15 (71–131)

90 ± 11 (68–112)

123 ± 13 (97–149)

107 ± 14 (79–135)

129 ± 17 (95–163)

107 ± 14 (79–135)

LVESV (ml)

87 ± 19 (49–125)

65 ± 13 (39–91)

108 ± 20 (68–148)

86 ± 15 (56–116)

117 ± 24 (69–165)

85 ± 20 (45–125)

LVESV/BSA (ml/m2)

43 ± 10 (23–63)

37 ± 7 (23–51)

53 ± 9 (35–71)

48 ± 8 (32–64)

58 ± 11 (36–80)

46 ± 11 (24–68)

LVM (g)

95 ± 20 (55–135)

60 ± 11 (38–82)

125 ± 22 (81–169)

84 ± 17 (50–118)

139 ± 28 (83–195)

92 ± 15 (62–122)

LVM/BSA (g/m2)

48 ± 9 (30–66)

34 ± 6 (22–46)

62 ± 11 (40–84)

46 ± 9 (28–64)

69 ± 13 (43–95)

50 ± 8 (34–66)

LVEF (%)

57 ± 6 (45–69)

58 ± 5 (48–68)

57 ± 5 (47–67)

55 ± 4 (47–63)

55 ± 5 (45–65)

58 ± 7 (44–72)

max. IVS (mm)

10 ± 1 (8–12)

5 ± 1 (3–7)

11 ± 1 (9–13)

9 ± 1 (7–11)

11 ± 1 (9–13)

9 ± 1 (7–11)

  1. SD standard deviation, LL lower limit, UL upper limit, n number of study subjects, LV left ventricular, EDV end-diastolic volume, ESV end-systolic volume, EF ejection fraction, LVM left ventricular mass, max. IVS maximal thickness of the interventricular septum, BSA body surface area
  2. a9–18 h sports activity/week
  3. b > 18 h sports activity/week
  4. cCalculated as mean ± 2*SD