Table 33 Stages of valvular heart disease in the adult.

Aortic stenosis

Maximum velocity (m/s)

Mild: 2.0–2.9

Moderate: 3.0–3.9

Severe: ≥ 4

Very severe: ≥ 5

Low-flow/low-gradient: < 4 m/s (at rest)

Orifice area (cm²)

 ≤ 1.0

Orifice area /BSA (cm²/m²)

 ≤ 0.6

Aortic regurgitation

Regurgitant volume (ml/beat)

Mild: < 30

Moderate: 30–59

 ≥ 60

Regurgitant fraction (%)

Mild: < 30

Moderate: 30–49

 ≥ 50

Effective regurgitant orifice (cm²)

Mild: < 0.10

Moderate 0.10–0.29

 ≥ 0.30

Mitral stenosis

Transmitral flow velocity (m/s)

Increased

Orifice area (cm²)

 > 1.5

Severe: ≤ 1.5

Very severe: ≤ 1.0

Primary mitral regurgitation

Regurgitant volume (ml/beat)

 < 60

 ≥ 60

Regurgitant fraction (%)

 < 50

 ≥ 50

Effective regurgitant orifice (cm²)

 < 0.40

 ≥ 0.40

Secondary mitral regurgitation

Regurgitant volume (ml/beat)

 < 60

 ≥ 60

Regurgitant fraction (%)

 < 50

 ≥ 50

Effective regurgitant orifice (cm²)

 < 0.40

 ≥ 0.40

Pulmonic stenosis

Peak velocity (m/s)

 > 4

Tricuspid stenosis

Orifice area (cm²)

 < 1.0