Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Kawel-Boehm, Nadine; Hetzel, Scott J.; Ambale-Venkatesh, Bharath; Captur, Gabriella; Francois, Christopher J.; Jerosch-Herold, Michael; Salerno, Michael; Teague, Shawn D.; Valsangiacomo-Buechel, Emanuela; van der Geest, Rob J.; Bluemke, David A.

doi:10.1186/s12968-020-00683-3

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Table 45 LMS parameters to calculate z-scores for aortic cross-sectional area relative to age for girls according to reference [92]

From: Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Age^a	Ascending aorta			Aortic arch			Aortic isthmus			Descending aorta^b
Age^a	L	M	S	L	M	S	L	M	S	L	M	S
< 1	− 0.7876	121.1903	0.2152	2.1750	73.6299	0.2114	0.1033	60.0696	0.1621	0.9371	41.0795	0.1398
1	− 0.7876	145.9923	0.2140	2.1750	92.7307	0.2089	0.1033	72.6142	0.1617	0.9371	52.4930	0.1398
2	− 0.7876	170.7944	0.2127	2.1750	111.8315	0.2064	0.1033	85.1587	0.1613	0.9371	63.9065	0.1398
3	− 0.7876	195.5999	0.2114	2.1750	130.9296	0.2039	0.1033	97.7032	0.1609	0.9371	75.3185	0.1398
4	− 0.7876	220.4539	0.2102	2.1750	149.9904	0.2013	0.1033	110.2465	0.1605	0.9371	86.7100	0.1398
5	− 0.7876	245.4281	0.2089	2.1750	168.9588	0.1988	0.1033	122.7870	0.1601	0.9371	98.0510	0.1398
6	− 0.7876	270.5738	0.2076	2.1750	187.8089	0.1963	0.1033	135.3263	0.1597	0.9371	109.3784	0.1398
7	− 0.7876	295.9027	0.2064	2.1750	206.5696	0.1938	0.1033	147.8724	0.1593	0.9371	120.8531	0.1398
8	− 0.7876	321.3290	0.2051	2.1750	225.2367	0.1913	0.1033	160.3915	0.1588	0.9371	132.5201	0.1398
9	− 0.7876	346.5367	0.2038	2.1750	243.7024	0.1887	0.1033	172.7395	0.1584	0.9371	144.0843	0.1398
10	− 0.7876	371.3379	0.2026	2.1750	261.8643	0.1862	0.1033	184.8049	0.1580	0.9371	155.3776	0.1398
11	− 0.7876	395.6874	0.2013	2.1750	279.6207	0.1837	0.1033	196.5286	0.1576	0.9371	166.4608	0.1398
12	− 0.7876	419.5583	0.2000	2.1750	296.8402	0.1812	0.1033	207.8452	0.1572	0.9371	177.3057	0.1398
13	− 0.7876	442.8024	0.1988	2.1750	313.4236	0.1787	0.1033	218.7232	0.1568	0.9371	187.8984	0.1398
14	− 0.7876	465.1326	0.1975	2.1750	329.2852	0.1761	0.1033	229.1136	0.1564	0.9371	198.1163	0.1398
15	− 0.7876	486.2071	0.1962	2.1750	344.3674	0.1736	0.1033	238.9630	0.1560	0.9371	207.7776	0.1398
16	− 0.7876	505.7398	0.1950	2.1750	358.6387	0.1711	0.1033	248.2461	0.1556	0.9371	216.7982	0.1398
17	− 0.7876	523.5836	0.1937	2.1750	372.0983	0.1686	0.1033	256.9723	0.1552	0.9371	225.1710	0.1398
18	− 0.7876	539.7165	0.1924	2.1750	384.7434	0.1661	0.1033	265.1479	0.1547	0.9371	232.7857	0.1398
19	− 0.7876	554.1764	0.1912	2.1750	396.5833	0.1635	0.1033	272.7929	0.1543	0.9371	239.5830	0.1398
20	− 0.7876	567.1207	0.1899	2.1750	407.6567	0.1610	0.1033	279.9469	0.1539	0.9371	245.6109	0.1398
21	− 0.7876	578.7817	0.1886	2.1750	418.0442	0.1585	0.1033	286.6730	0.1535	0.9371	251.0496	0.1398
22	− 0.7876	589.4770	0.1873	2.1750	427.8971	0.1560	0.1033	293.0630	0.1531	0.9371	256.1671	0.1398
23	− 0.7876	599.5300	0.1861	2.1750	437.3887	0.1534	0.1033	299.2101	0.1527	0.9371	261.1406	0.1398
24	− 0.7876	609.3164	0.1848	2.1750	446.7229	0.1509	0.1033	305.2232	0.1523	0.9371	266.1367	0.1398
25	− 0.7876	619.1593	0.1835	2.1750	456.0570	0.1484	0.1033	311.2003	0.1518	0.9371	271.2515	0.1398
26	− 0.7876	629.1747	0.1822	2.1750	465.4360	0.1459	0.1033	317.2057	0.1514	0.9371	276.5640	0.1398
27	− 0.7876	639.3019	0.1810	2.1750	474.8382	0.1433	0.1033	323.2314	0.1510	0.9371	281.9813	0.1398
28	− 0.7876	649.4860	0.1797	2.1750	484.2530	0.1408	0.1033	329.2650	0.1506	0.9371	287.4341	0.1398
29	− 0.7876	659.6776	0.1784	2.1750	493.6694	0.1383	0.1033	335.2995	0.1502	0.9371	292.8916	0.1398
30	− 0.7876	669.8691	0.1772	2.1750	503.0858	0.1358	0.1033	341.3341	0.1498	0.9371	298.3491	0.1398

Aortic area measured at maximum distension of the aorta on cross sectional cine gradient echo images acquired perpendicular to the aortic axis (n = 41)
LMS, L = Lambda (skewness of the distribution), M = Mu (median), S = Sigma (variance)
z-score = [(X/M)^L – 1] / (L*S), where X is the measured aortic area in mm² and L, M and S are the values interpolated for the child’s age; lower and upper limits correspond to a z-score of -2 and 2
^aAge in years
^bMeasured above the diaphragm

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