Skip to main content

Table 54 LMS parameters to calculate z-scores for pulse wave velocity (PWV) relative to age in children according to reference [92]

From: Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Age (years)

Male (n = 30)

Female (n = 41)

L

M

S

L

M

S

 < 1

1.4844

3.4147

0.2122

 − 1.5196

2.7808

0.1468

1

1.4844

3.4367

0.2122

 − 1.5196

2.8144

0.1469

2

1.4844

3.4587

0.2122

 − 1.5196

2.8481

0.1469

3

1.4844

3.4808

0.2122

 − 1.5196

2.8817

0.1469

4

1.4844

3.5028

0.2122

 − 1.5196

2.9154

0.1470

5

1.4844

3.5248

0.2122

 − 1.5196

2.9490

0.1470

6

1.4844

3.5469

0.2122

 − 1.5196

2.9827

0.1470

7

1.4844

3.5689

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.0163

0.1470

8

1.4844

3.5909

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.0499

0.1471

9

1.4844

3.6129

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.0836

0.1471

10

1.4844

3.6350

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.1172

0.1471

11

1.4844

3.6570

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.1509

0.1471

12

1.4844

3.6790

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.1845

0.1472

13

1.4844

3.7011

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.2182

0.1472

14

1.4844

3.7231

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.2518

0.1472

15

1.4844

3.7451

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.2855

0.1473

16

1.4844

3.7672

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.3192

0.1473

17

1.4844

3.7892

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.3528

0.1473

18

1.4844

3.8112

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.3865

0.1473

19

1.4844

3.8333

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.4201

0.1474

20

1.4844

3.8553

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.4538

0.1474

21

1.4844

3.8773

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.4875

0.1474

22

1.4844

3.8994

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.5211

0.1475

23

1.4844

3.9214

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.5548

0.1475

24

1.4844

3.9434

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.5885

0.1475

25

1.4844

3.9655

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.6221

0.1476

26

1.4844

3.9875

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.6558

0.1476

27

1.4844

4.0096

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.6895

0.1476

28

1.4844

4.0316

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.7231

0.1476

29

1.4844

4.0536

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.7568

0.1477

30

1.4844

4.0757

0.2122

 − 1.5196

3.7905

0.1477

  1. Pulse wave velocity calculated by phase contrast CMR for the distance between the sinotubular junction and the proximal descending aorta. Transit time calculated from the midpoint of the systolic up-slope on the flow versus time curve (Fig. 12).
  2. LMS, L = Lambda (skewness of the distribution), M = Mu (median), S = Sigma (variance)
  3. z-score = [(X/M)L – 1] / (L*S), where X is the measured pulse wave velocity in m/s and L, M and S are the values interpolated for the child’s age; lower and upper limits correspond to a z-score of -2 and 2.
  4. n number of study subjects
Back to article page

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

ISSN: 1532-429X

Contact us