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Table 58 Normal diameters of the pulmonary arteries in children measured on a contrast enhanced CMRA according to reference [100]

From: Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

Site

Predicted diameter (mm)

SD of residuals (mm)

Main pulmonary artery (axial)

4.85 + 13.43*BSA0.5

2.72

Main pulmonary artery (sagittal)

1.04 + 17.07* BSA0.5

2.01

Proximal right pulmonary artery (axial)

2.63 + 9.19* BSA0.5

1.65

Distal right pulmonary artery (axial)

3.9 + 6.25* BSA0.5

1.49

Proximal right pulmonary artery (RAO)

 − 0.69 + 14.3* BSA0.5

1.76

Distal right pulmonary artery (RAO)

 − 1.08 + 14.62* BSA0.5

1.6

Proximal left pulmonary artery (axial)

1.7 + 11.27* BSA0.5

1.37

Distal left pulmonary artery (axial)

 − 0.1 + 11.89* BSA0.5

1.51

Proximal left pulmonary artery (LAO)

 − 2.13 + 16.82* BSA0.5

1.88

Distal left pulmonary artery (LAO)

 − 2.08 + 13.64* BSA0.5

1.5

  1. Diameters measured perpendicular to the vessel (Fig. 14).
  2. Fitting model for regression: diameter = a + b*BSA0.5
  3. z-score = (measured diameter – predicted diameter)/SD of residuals; lower and upper limits correspond to a z-score of -2 and 2.
  4. BSA body surface area, SD standard deviation, RAO right anterior oblique view (paracoronal, parallel to right pulmonary artery; Fig. 14), LAO left anterior oblique view (paracoronal, parallel to left pulmonary artery; Fig. 14).