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Table 64 References, myocardial strain

From: Reference ranges (“normal values”) for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in adults and children: 2020 update

First author, year

CMR technique

n, male:female

Age range (years)

Neizel, 2009 [182]

1.5 T, 3 short axis images, tagged CMR (SPAMM), tagged resolution 7 mm; HARP methodb

40:35

22–69

Augustine, 2013 [177]

1.5 T, short axis stack bSSFP, 2, 3, and 4 chamber bSSFP; feature tracking (TomTec softwarec)

54:62

(30 ± 8)a

Venkatesh, 2015 [183]

1.5 T, 3 short axis images, tagged CMR (SPAMM), tagged resolution 7 mm, HARP methodb

46:83

45–84

Andre, 2015 [179]

1.5 T, short axis stack, 2, 3, and 4 chamber bSSFP; feature tracking (TomTec softwarec)

75:75

21–71

Cai, 2017 [66]

3 T, short axis stack, 2, 3, and 4 chamber bSSFP; feature tracking (CVI42 softwared, 2D)

91:89

20–69

Liu, 2018 [26]

1.5 T, short axis stack bSSFP, 2, 3, and 4 chamber bSSFP; feature tracking (CVIR42 softwared, 3D)

50:50

20–70

Peng, 2018 [176]

1.5 T and 3 T, short axis stack, 2, 3, and 4 chamber bSSFP; feature tracking (QStrain softwaree)

75:75

18–82

  1. n number of study subjects, SPAMM spatial modulation of magnetization, HARP harmonic phase, bSSFP balanced steady state free precession
  2. aMean ± SD (age-range not provided in original publication)
  3. bHARP commercial, Diagnosoft, Palo Alto, CA, USA
  4. cTomTec Imaging Systems, Unterschleissheim, Germany
  5. dCMI42, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging Inc., Calgary, Canada
  6. eQStrain, Medis Medical Imaging Systems, Leiden, The Netherlands