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Table 1 Cardiovascular disease risk factors at Exam 1, Exam 2 and Exam 3 (N = 349)

From: Association of antecedent cardiovascular risk factor levels and trajectories with cardiovascular magnetic resonance-derived cardiac function and structure

 

Exam 1 (1999–2001)

Exam 2 (2006–2008)

Exam 3 (2013–2014)

p value*

Age (years)

42.5 (± 9.2)

49.5 (± 9.2)

56.5 (± 9.2)

–

Males

206 (59.0%)

206 (59.0%)

206 (59.0%)

–

Systolic BP (mmHg)

126.2 (± 16.1)

121.1 (± 16.2)

120.2 (± 16.1)

 < 0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

81.6 (± 10.3)

76.6 (± 9.4)

75.2 (± 9.8)

 < 0.001

Hypertension

101 (28.9%)

91 (26.1%)

115 (33.0%)

0.009

Weight (kg)

78.8 (± 13.6)

81.4 (± 15.2)

82.8 (± 16.2)

 < 0.001

Height (cm)

171.9 (± 9.6)

172.5 (± 9.8)

171.9 (± 9.9)

 < 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

26.6 (± 3.8)

27.3 (± 4.2)

28.0 (± 4.7)

 < 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

90.6 (± 11.6)

93.8 (± 12.9)

98.4 (± 13.8)

 < 0.001

Hip circumference (cm)

104.4 (± 7.1)

106.0 (± 7.9)

106.7 (± 8.8)

 < 0.001

Waist-hip-ratio

0.87 (± 0.08)

0.88 (± 0.08)

0.92 (± 0.09)

 < 0.001

Waist-height-ratio

0.53 (± 0.06)

0.54 (± 0.07)

0.57 (± 0.08)

 < 0.001

Body surface area (m2)

1.91 (± 0.2)

1.95 (± 0.21)

1.95 (± 0.22)

 < 0.001

Smoking status

    

 Never-smoker

131 (37.5%)

131 (37.5%)

131 (37.5%)

–

 Ex-smoker

124 (35.5%)

140 (40.1%)

148 (42.4%)

0.001

 Current smoker

94 (26.9%)

78 (22.4%)

70 (20.1%)

0.001

Pack-years

10.8 (± 16.6)

12.3 (± 18.4)

13.1 (± 19.3)

 < 0.001

Alcohol consumption (g/day)

19.2 (± 25.9)

18.8 (± 24.4)

19.1 (± 24.4)

0.734

Physically active

178 (51%)

205 (58.7%)

212 (60.7%)

0.002

Diabetes mellitus

4 (1.2%)

13 (3.7%)

28 (8.0%)

0.003

HbA1c (%)

5.48 (± 0.47)

5.48 (± 0.53)

5.56 (± 0.71)

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

223.0 (± 40.6)

215.5 (± 37.4)

217.3 (± 36.4)

 < 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dl)

56.2 (± 16.6)

54.1 (± 13.7)

62.5 (± 17.4)

 < 0.001

LDL-C (mg/dl)

133.4 (± 39.1)

137.7 (± 33.7)

138.9 (± 32.9)

0.011

Antihypertensive medication

27 (7.7%)

53 (15.2%)

87 (24.9%)

0.034

Lipid-lowering medication

7 (2%)

23 (6.6%)

36 (10.3%)

0.003

Glucose-lowering medication

4 (1.2%)

9 (2.6%)

26 (7.5%)

0.003

Statin medication

7 (2%)

20 (5.7%)

36 (10.3%)

0.003

  1. Data are given as number (percentage) or mean (± standard deviation)
  2. BP blood pressure, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL-C high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol
  3. *One-way repeated measures ANOVA (continuous data) or Cochran's Q test (categorical data)
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Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

ISSN: 1532-429X

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