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Table 4 Cross-sectional association of multivariable CVD risk factor clusters from Exam 3 (representing low, medium and high exposure to 5 CVD risk factors at this exam) with CMR derived measures of cardiac structure and function (Model A); and a combined model displaying the association of multivariable risk factor clusters of Exam 3 (contemporaneous with the CMR) AND of the longitudinal (over 14-years) multivariable risk factor clusters with MR derived measures of cardiac structure and function (Model B)

From: Association of antecedent cardiovascular risk factor levels and trajectories with cardiovascular magnetic resonance-derived cardiac function and structure

CV Risk factors

N

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Cardiac fat

End-diastolic volumeb

Stroke volumeb

Myocardial mass, diastolicb

Early diastolic filling rate

End-diastolic volumeb

Stroke volumeb

Epicardial fat, diastolic

Pericardial fat, diastolic

349

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

Model A

 Cross-sectional multivariable risk factor clustersa

  Low

104

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Middle

164

− 2.77 (− 6.58; 1.05)

− 2.19 (− 4.6; 0.23)

− 0.50 (− 3.63; 2.63)

− 23.07 (− 50.8; 4.65)

− 2.23 (− 6.56; 2.09)

− 1.56 (− 3.91; 0.79)

− 0.35 (− 1.37; 0.67)

0.76 (− 2.78; 4.31)

  High

81

− 6.51** (− 11.09; − 1.94)

− 5.01** (− 7.91; − 2.11)

1.64 (− 2.12; 5.4)

− 51.44** (− 84.7; − 18.17)

− 7.94** (− 13.16; − 2.71)

− 4.04** (− 6.87; − 1.20)

0.20 (− 1.03; 1.42)

2.84 (− 1.39; 7.08)

Model B

 Cross-sectional multivariable risk factor clustersa

  Low

104

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Middle

164

− 0.05 (− 4.14; 4.03)

− 0.30 (− 2.88; 2.28)

− 1.04 (− 4.43; 2.35)

− 6.46 (− 36.19; 23.28)

0.44 (− 4.2; 5.07)

− 0.18 (− 2.7; 2.34)

− 1.21* (− 2.30; − 0.12)

− 1.74 (− 5.52; 2.05)

  High

81

− 2.95 (− 7.93; 2.02)

− 2.52 (− 5.66; 0.61)

0.89 (− 3.23; 5.02)

− 29.47 (− 65.65; 6.72)

− 4.42 (− 10.08; 1.25)

− 2.22 (− 5.3; 0.86)

− 0.91 (− 2.22; 0.40)

− 0.41 (− 4.97; 4.14)

 Longitudinal multivariable risk factor trajectory clustersc

  Low

83

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Middle

159

− 7.11** (− 11.83; − 2.39)

− 4.91** (− 7.89; − 1.94)

0.29 (− 3.63; 4.21)

− 37.71* (− 72.05; − 3.37)

− 6.72* (− 12.09; − 1.35)

− 3.56* (− 6.48; − 0.64)

2.20** (0.93; 3.46)

5.77* (1.39; 10.16)

  High

107

− 9.93** (− 15.83; − 4.04)

− 7.00*** (− 10.73; − 3.28)

4.21 (− 0.68; 9.1)

− 72.32** (− 115.22; − 29.42)

− 10.76** (− 17.44; − 4.09)

− 5.41** (− 9.04; − 1.77)

3.28*** (1.72; 4.84)

11.05*** (5.62; 16.47)

LR-testa

 

p = 0.003

p < 0.001

p = 0.068

p = 0.003

p = 0.006

p = 0.011

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

  1. Data are β-coefficients (with 95% confidence interval; indicating change in outcome variable between reference cluster and risk factor cluster) from multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering medication, glucose-lowering medication measured in Exam 3
  2. Ref. reference cluster
  3. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05
  4. aMultivariable clusters included the risk factors systolic BP, diastolic BP, WC, HbA1c and LDL-C and were calculated by k-means clustering
  5. bIndexed to body surface area
  6. cLikelihood-Ratio-test for adding the longitudinal multivariable risk factor trajectory clusters to the cross-sectional multivariable risk factor clusters (Model B)
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Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

ISSN: 1532-429X

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