Table 1 Clinical characteristics and CMR parameters at rest and stress

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

59 ± 8

57 ± 9

61 ± 6

0.095

 Males, n (%)

43 (72)

20 (67)

23 (77)

0.399

 BMI, kg/m²

26.1 ± 3.7

26.1 ± 4.1

26.0 ± 3.2

0.901

 BSA, m²

1.77 ± 0.18

1.80 ± 0.20

1.75 ± 0.15

0.342

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

28 (47)

14 (47)

14 (47)

1.000

 Hypertension, n (%)

49 (82)

23 (77)

26 (87)

0.325

 Dyslipidaemia, n (%)

50 (83)

25 (83)

25 (83)

1.000

 Smoking, n (%)

17 (28)

8 (27)

9 (30)

0.774

 Family history of CAD, n (%)

26 (43)

13 (43)

13 (43)

1.000

 Pre-test CAD consortium clinical score, %

38 ± 22

30 ± 20

45 ± 22

0.005

Medication, n (%)

 ACE inhibitor

 ARB

 Statin

 Other lipid-lowering drug

 Beta blocker

7 (12)

22 (37)

53 (88)

11 (18)

41 (68)

6 (20)

9 (30)

25 (83)

3 (10)

19 (63)

1 (3)

13 (43)

28 (93)

8 (27)

22 (73)

0.044

0.284

0.228

0.095

0.405

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (rest)

139 ± 16

141 ± 14

137 ± 18

0.394

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (rest)

79 ± 13

79 ± 13

79 ± 11

0.943

Heart rate, bpm (rest)

73 ± 12

74 ± 11

72 ± 12

0.473

Rate-pressure product, mmHg/min (rest)

10,106 ± 2141

10,377 ± 2004

9835 ± 2271

0.330

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (stress)

174 ± 26

175 ± 29

172 ± 23

0.650

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (stress)

111 ± 29

115 ± 30

107 ± 28

0.319

Heart rate, bpm (stress)

122 ± 19

123 ± 19

121 ± 20

0.558

Age-predicted maximal heart rate, %

76 ± 11

76 ± 10

76 ± 12

0.953

Rate-pressure product, mmHg/min (stress)

21,300 ± 5017

21,721 ± 5324

20,879 ± 4743

0.520

CMR parameters at rest

 Indexed LV mass, g/m²

50 ± 12

50 ± 14

49 ± 9

0.765

 Indexed LV EDV, mL/m²

76 ± 15

76 ± 15

76 ± 15

0.892

 Indexed LV ESV, mL/m²

33 ± 12

31 ± 10

35 ± 13

0.201

 Indexed LV SV, mL/m²

43 ± 8

44 ± 9

41 ± 8

0.102

 LV EF, %

57 ± 9

59 ± 7

55 ± 9

0.039

 Indexed RV EDV, mL/m²

77 ± 14

78 ± 17

75 ± 11

0.432

 Indexed RV ESV, mL/m²

34 ± 10

34 ± 10

34 ± 9

0.906

 Indexed RV SV, mL/m²

42 ± 8

44 ± 9

41 ± 8

0.110

 RV EF, %

56 ± 8

57 ± 7

55 ± 9

0.228

 Cardiac index, L/min/m²

3.1 ± 0.7

3.2 ± 0.7

3.0 ± 0.7

0.212

CMR tissue characteristics

Late gadolinium enhancement

 Ischaemic, n (%)

 Non-ischaemic, n (%)

13 (22)

7 (12)

0 (0)

5 (17)

13 (43)

2(7)

 < 0.001

Native T1, ms

1020 ± 28

1018 ± 28

1022 ± 29

0.594

Extracellular volume, %

27.9 ± 2.9

27.7 ± 2.7

28.1 ± 3.1

0.657

CMR parameters at stress

 Cardiac index, L/min/m²

6.2 ± 1.2

6.7 ± 1.3

5.8 ± 1.0

0.003

 Peak_CI, percentile

8 [3, 19]

18 [7, 22]

5 [2, 8]

 < 0.001

 Change in cardiac index, %

104 [72, 140]

110 [89, 141]

87 [64, 145]

0.255

 Change in indexed SV, %

26 [16, 43]

29 [18, 42]

23 [14, 48]

0.706

 Change in LVEF, %

21 [13, 36]

28 [16, 39]

19 [10, 36]

0.119

 Perfusion defects, n (%)

18 (30)

2 (7)

16 (64)

 < 0.001

 Regional wall motion abnormalities, n (%)

30 (50)

3 (10)

27 (90)

 < 0.001