Cardiovascular magnetic resonance predictors of heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the role of myocardial replacement fibrosis and the microcirculation

Table 3 Univariable predictors of a heart failure event

	HR (95% CI)	P
Age (per 10 years)	1.32 (1.04, 1.67)	0.02
Age at diagnosis (per 10 years)	1.16 (0.93, 1.45)	0.18
Body surface area (kg/m²)	1.79 (0.41, 7.87)	0.44
Female	1.52 (0.78, 2.95)	0.22
Apical	0.47 (0.17, 1.32)	0.15
Atrial fibrillation	2.86 (0.88, 9.28)	0.08
LVOT gradient (≥ 30 mmHg at rest)	1.40 (0.74, 2.66)	0.3
Family history of sudden cardiac death	1.31 (0.60, 2.85)	0.5
Non sustained ventricular tachycardia	2.23 (1.02, 4.86)	0.04
Unexplained syncope	1.45 (0.69, 3.06)	0.33
Max wall thickness ≥ 30 mm	2.34 (0.83, 6.59)	0.11
CMR parameters
Max wall thickness (mm)	1.03 (0.97, 1.09)	0.32
LVEDVI (per 10 ml/BSA)	1.19 (0.99, 1.45)	0.07
LVESVI (per 10 ml/BSA)	1.51 (1.23, 1.85)	<0.001
LAVI (per 10 ml/BSA)	1.11 (1.00, 1.22)	< 0.001
LVEF	0.95 (0.92, 0.98)	0.04
LGE (per 10%)	1.57 (1.27, 1.93)	0.001
Presence of LGE (≥ 5% of myocardial mass)^a	3.99 (1.56, 10.22)	< 0.001
Perfusion defect	2.09 (0.74, 5.88)	0.004
Perfusion summed difference score	1.02 (0.98, 1.06)	0.16
Mitral regurgitation
None	1	0.27
Mild	2.13 (1.10, 4.14)	0.03
Moderate/Severe	2.13 (0.72, 6.31)	0.27

Abbreviations as per Tables 1 and 2
^aPatients with no LGE enhancement did not have any HF events, therefore < 5% LGE was used as the reference population to enable calculation of a HR

ISSN: 1532-429X