Fig. 1

a An Illustration of the reconstruction process for the WSS- and PWV evaluation. For WSS calculation, the 4D-PC data was reconstructed at high spatial and low temporal resolution (HS/LT-res. reconstruction, see top panels). The aortic lumen was labeled with semi-automatic segmentation. Using the flow and label data, velocity gradients were calculated. For PWV calculation, the 4D-PC data was reconstructed at low spatial and high temporal resolution (LS/HT-res. reconstruction, see bottom panels). The segmentation data obtained from the HS/LT-res. reconstruction was temporally interpolated. Using the interpolated label and flow data, through plane flow was determined at multiple locations. b For the LS/HT-res. reconstruction (PWV), only the inner k-space points with kr < 85/FOV were used (red points, shown in 2D for better illustration). The HS/LT-res. reconstruction uses all available k-space frequencies (red and blue points)