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Table 5 Mortality predictors

From: Risk stratification of cardiac metastases using late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance: prognostic impact of hypo-enhancement evidenced tumor avascularity

 

Hazard ratios

p

Clinical characteristics

  

 Age (years)

1.00 [CI 1.00–1.01]

0.36

 Gender (male)

1.25 [CI 0.88–1.76]

0.20

 Cancer etiologies

  

  Sarcoma

0.91 [CI 0.61–1.37]

0.65

  Lung

1.45 [CI 0.95–2.21]

0.08

  Genitourinary

1.12 [CI 0.73–1.73]

0.59

  Gastrointestinal

1.56 [CI 0.96–2.54]

0.07

  Skin/melanoma

0.71 [CI 0.41–1.20]

0.20

  Lymphoma

0.40 [CI 0.19–0.86]

0.02

  Endocrine

0.62 [CI 0.31–1.22]

0.16

 Cardiovascular risk factors

  

  Hypertension

0.98 [CI 0.70–1.35]

0.86

  Hyperlipidemia

1.00 [CI 0.70–1.44]

0.99

  Diabetes mellitus

0.87 [CI 0.52–1.46]

0.59

  Smoking

1.01 [CI 0.71–1.41]

0.98

 Cardiopulmonary disease

  

  Coronary artery disease

1.36 [CI 0.84–2.21]

0.21

  Atrial fibrillation/flutter

1.16 [CI 0.74–1.82]

0.52

  Pulmonary disease

0.86 [CI 0.41–1.77]

0.67

  Pulmonary hypertension

1.33 [CI 0.86–2.06]

0.20

Cardiac morphology

  

 Left ventricle

  

  Ejection fraction

1.01 [CI 0.99–1.03]

0.21

  Ejection fraction (< 50%)

0.82 [CI 0.50–1.36]

0.44

  End-diastolic volume

1.00 [CI 0.99–1.00]

0.06

  End-systolic volume

0.99 [CI 0.99–1.00]

0.07

 Right ventricle

  

  Ejection fraction

1.02 [CI 1.00–1.04]

0.09

  Ejection fraction (< 50%)

0.84 [CI 0.57–1.26]

0.40

 CMET Lesion Characteristics

  

  CMET (presence vs. absence)*

1.64 [CI 1.17–2.29]

0.004

 Anatomic properties

  

  Lesion number

1.67 [CI 1.31–2.12]

 < 0.001

  Multiple lesions

1.94 [CI 1.23–3.06]

0.004

  Lesion size (maximal diameter [per 10 cm])

1.11 [CI 0.53–2.33]

0.79

  Lesion size (area [per 10 cm2])

0.99 [CI 0.85–1.15]

0.88

  Intra-cavitary lesion

1.27 [CI 0.81–1.97]

0.30

 Tissue properties*

  

  Heterogeneous enhancement

1.97 [CI 1.23–3.15]

0.005

  Diffuse enhancement

1.36 [CI 0.84–2.21]

0.21

 Adjusted multivariate model†

  

  Lymphoma (cancer etiology)

0.44 [CI 0.11–1.79]

0.24

  Heterogeneous enhancement

1.97 [CI 1.23–3.16]

0.005

  1. * Comparison between cancer patients with CMR-evidenced cardiac metastases and cancer-matched controls
  2. † Regression analysis performed incorporating lymphoma (sole cancer associated with differential [improved] prognosis) and CMET heterogeneous enhancement together in an adjusted model (no additional variables included in adjusted models)