Table 1 Baseline and CMR characteristics of patients with and without inducible ischemia (N = 2058)
|
All patients (N=2058) |
No ischemia (N=1791) |
Positive ischemia (N=267) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 71.2 ± 12.5 | 70.8 ± 12.6 | 74.7 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Males, n (%) | 772 (37.5) | 613 (34.2) | 159 (59.6) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 29.4 ± 6.6 | 29.6 ± 6.7 | 28.3 ± 5.7 | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 702 (34.1) | 618 (34.5) | 84 (31.5) | 0.363 |
| Hypertension | 1358 (66.0) | 1193 (66.6) | 165 (61.8) | 0.139 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1007 (48.9) | 875 (48.9) | 132 (49.4) | 0.911 |
| Current or previous smoking | 436 (21.2) | 378 (21.1) | 58 (21.7) | 0.881 |
| Family history of coronary disease | 512 (24.9) | 450 (25.1) | 62 (23.2) | 0.551 |
| Obesitya | 726 (35.3) | 644 (36.0) | 82 (30.7) | 0.109 |
| Medical history of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | ||||
| Peripheral atheroma | 52 (2.5) | 45 (2.5) | 7 (2.6) | 0.662 |
| Ischemic stroke | 90 (4.4) | 78 (4.4) | 12 (4.5) | 0.877 |
| Pacemaker | 10 (0.5) | 9 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) | 1.000 |
| Renal failureb | 23 (1.1) | 21 (1.2) | 2 (0.7) | 0.759 |
| Prior hospitalization for heart failure | 49 (2.4) | 43 (2.4) | 6 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Indications to stress CMR (multiple possible), n (%) | ||||
| High cardiovascular disease riskc | 724 (35.2) | 572 (31.9) | 152 (56.9) | <0.001 |
| Symptomatic angina | 530 (25.8) | 447 (25.0) | 83 (31.1) | 0.039 |
| Dyspnea | 547 (26.6) | 490 (27.4) | 57 (21.3) | 0.046 |
| Inconclusive stress test | 410 (19.9) | 360 (20.1) | 50 (18.7) | 0.658 |
| Inconclusive coronary CT angiogramd | 26 (1.3) | 24 (1.3) | 2 (0.7) | 0.566 |
| Ten-year risk for fatal CAD (%)e | 2.6 (1.1–5.6) | 2.4 (0.9–5.4) | 3.4 (1.7–6.4) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac rhythm, n (%) | ||||
| Sinus rhythm | 1507 (73.2) | 1288 (71.9) | 219 (82.0) | <0.001 |
| Sinus rhythm with extrasystoles | 542 (26.3) | 495 (27.6) | 47 (17.6) | |
| Atrial fibrillation/supraventricular arrhythmias | 9 (0.4) | 8 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 52.6 ± 12.7 | 52.9 ± 12.7 | 50.6 ± 12.7 | 0.007 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index, ml/m2 | 81.1 ± 27.5 | 81.1 ± 27.3 | 81.5 ± 29.5 | 0.844 |
| LV end-systolic volume index, ml/m2 | 40.6 ± 23.4 | 40.3 ± 23.3 | 42.3 ± 24.4 | 0.208 |
| LV mass, g/m2 | 75.5 ± 7.7 | 72.9 ± 7.7 | 77.9 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
| RV ejection fraction, % | 65.9 ± 12.3 | 65.9 ± 12.3 | 65.8 ± 12.5 | 0.831 |
| Presence of unrecognized MI, n (%) | 210 (10.2) | 135 (7.5) | 75 (28.1) | <0.001 |
| Number of segments of LGE | 0.3 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Number of segments of ischemia | 0.3 ± 1.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate at baseline, beats/min | 80 ± 13 | 80 ± 13 | 81 ± 15 | 0.688 |
| Heart rate at stress, beats/min | 92 ± 12 | 92 ± 11 | 94 ± 13 | 0.569 |
| RPP at baseline, mmHg/beats/min | 9.1 (7.6–10.8) | 9.1 (7.6–10.7) | 9.2 (7.6–10.9) | 0.733 |
| RPP at stress, mmHg/beats/min | 10.4 (8.8–12.6) | 10.4 (8.8–12.2) | 11.2 (9.8–13.3) | 0.363 |