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Table 1 Subject characteristics

From: Impact of pulmonary valve replacement on left ventricular rotational mechanics in repaired tetralogy of Fallot

 

TOF (n = 60)

Healthy control (n = 30)

P-value

TOF-PR (n = 38)

TOF-RVOTO (n = 22)

P-value*

Male, n (%)

31 (51.7)

15 (50.0)

1.00

19 (50.0)

12 (54.5)

0.793

Age at repair (years)

2.1 ± 3.6

  

1.1 ± 1.3

3.8 ± 5.4

0.031

Age at first CMR (years)

23.6 ± 7.9

20.8 ± 3.1

0.061

24.2 ± 6.9

22.5 ± 9.4

0.404

Age at second CMR (years)

25.2 ± 8.1

  

26.0 ± 7.0

23.7 ± 9.8

0.300

Age at PVR (years)

23.8 ± 7.9

  

24.6 ± 6.9

22.6 ± 9.4

0.345

Time between first CMR and PVR, median (IQR) (years)

0.25 (3 days, 0.38)

  

0.30 (0.10, 0.56)

0.01 (1d, 0.19)

 < 0.001

Time between PVR and second CMR, median (IQR) (years)

1.00 (0.54, 1.74)

  

1.06 (0.67, 7.19)

0.57 (0.51, 1.69)

0.078

Native anatomy

 TOF-Pulmonary stenosis

44 (73.3)

     

 TOF-Pulmonary atresia

16 (26.7)

     

Additional anatomic features

 Absent pulmonary valve

3 (5.0)

     

 Absent left pulmonary artery

3 (5.0)

     

 Discontinuous pulmonary arteries

4 (6.7)

     

 Atrioventricular canal defect

1 (1.7)

     

Initial repair, n (%)

 Staged

18 (30)

     

 Complete

42 (70)

     

Type of complete repair, n (%)

     

 < 0.001

 Transannular patch

34 (56.7)

  

30 (78.9)

4 (18.2)

 

 RV-PA conduit

15 (25.0)

  

0 (0)

15 (68.2)

 

 Non-Transannular patch

10 (16.7)

  

7 (18.4)

3 (13.6)

 

 Unknown

1 (1.7)

  

1 (2.6)

0 (0)

 

Number of surgeries, n (%)

     

 < 0.001

 1

49 (81.7)

  

37 (97.4)

12 (54.5)

 

 2

8 (13.3)

  

1 (2.6)

7 (31.8)

 

  ≥ 3

3 (5.0)

  

0 (0)

3 (13.6)

 

First PVR, n (%)

     

 < 0.001

 Yes

51 (85.0)

  

38 (100)

13 (59.1)

 

 No

9 (15.0)

  

0 (0)

9 (40.9)

 
  1. Bold values are statistically significant p-values
  2. The TOF-PR subgroup is defined as repaired TOF patients with a pulmonary regurgitation fraction > 40% and a right ventricular outflow tract peak gradient ≤ 25 mm Hg by echocardiography. The TOF-RVOTO subgroup is defined as repaired TOF patients with a PR fraction ≤ 30%, and a RVOT peak gradient or tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient ≥ 40 mm Hg by echocardiography. Values are mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or N (%). P-value* refers to the comparison between the TOF-PR and TOF-RVOTO subgroups. CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; IQR, interquartile range; PVR, pulmonary valve replacement; RV-PA, right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery; TOF, tetralogy of Fallot