The impact of Wilson disease on myocardial tissue and function: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study

Table 4 Myocardial tissue characterization of patients with Wilson Disease

	WD	Healthy controls	p	WD-neuro⁻	WD-neuro⁺	p
	n = 76	n = 76		n = 43	n = 33
Native T1
Global (ms)	1017 ± 24	1001 ± 23	< 0.001	1014 ± 25	1022 ± 22	0.17
Basal (ms)	1019 ± 24	1003 ± 25	< 0.01	1017 ± 25	1023 ± 22	0.32
Medial (ms)	1016 ± 30	997 ± 24	< 0.001	1011 ± 28	1023 ± 31	0.10
T2 (ms)
Global (ms)	51.8 ± 2.2	50.9 ± 1.7	0.08	51.5 ± 2.0	52.2 ± 2.3	0.15
Basal (ms)	50.9 ± 2.7	49.8 ± 1.9	0.10	50.7 ± 2.2	51.1 ± 3.2	0.54
Medial (ms)	51.7 ± 2.6	50.6 ± 2.1	0.07	51.8 ± 2.9	51.6 ± 2.3	0.82
T2^a (ms)
Basal	36.3 ± 3.0	34.9 ± 1.3	0.16	36.9 ± 3.0	35.4 ± 2.9	0.08
Basal septal	37.4 ± 3.0	37.6 ± 1.4	0.83	37.1 ± 2.9	37.9 ± 3.2	0.35
ECV (%)		Reference value^a
	27.8 ± 3.0	25.0 ± 4.0		26.7 ± 2.8	29.3 ± 2.6	< 0.01
LGE performed
Non-ischemic LGE present (%)	26	0	< 0.001	12 (28)	14 (42)	0.10
RVIP (%)	13	0	–	5 (12)	8 (24)	0.15
Midwall (%)	8	0	–	6 (14)	2 (6)	0.27
Subepicardial inferolateral (%)	5	0	–	1 (2)	4 (12)	0.09

Comparison of native T1, T2, T2*, ECV and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) between Wilson Disease (WD) Patients and healthy controls and between WD Patients without (WD-neuro⁻) and with neurological symptoms (WD-neuro⁺): RVIP, inferior insertion point of the right ventricular free wall; midwall, interventricular septum: Values are mean ± standard deviation. Differences between groups were calculated using t-test
^aDabir et al. Reference values for healthy human myocardium using a T1 mapping methodology: results from the International T1 Multicenter cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2014. 16(1): p. 69

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