Cardiac biomarkers in chronic kidney disease are independently associated with myocardial edema and diffuse fibrosis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Arcari, Luca; Engel, Juergen; Freiwald, Tilo; Zhou, Hui; Zainal, Hafisyatul; Gawor, Monika; Buettner, Stefan; Geiger, Helmut; Hauser, Ingeborg; Nagel, Eike; Puntmann, Valentina O.

doi:10.1186/s12968-021-00762-z

Table 1 Participant characteristics

From: Cardiac biomarkers in chronic kidney disease are independently associated with myocardial edema and diffuse fibrosis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Variable	Healthy controls (n = 38)	Patients (eGFR ≥ 60) (n = 242)	Patients (eGFR < 59) (n = 276)	Sig (p-value)*
Age (years)	57 ± 11	56 ± 19	58 ± 21	0.13
Male (n, %)	24 (63)	145 (60)	189(65)	0.24
Systolic BP (mmHg)	121 ± 11°	134 ± 17	137 ± 21	0.38
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	75 ± 6°	79 ± 10	78 ± 12	0.31
Heart rate (bpm)	64 ± 10	73 ± 13	75 ± 14	0.29
Blood hematocrit (%)	42 ± 4§	41.3 ± 5.2	39.8 ± 6.4	0.004
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	87(83–94)°	84(61–112)	29(6–57)	< 0.001
hs-CRP, mg/l	0.2(0.1–0.3)°	3.9 ± 0.9	6.3 ± 1.8	< 0.001
hs-cTnT (ng/l)	1(0–2)°	6 (4–10)	14 (6–30)	0.01
NT-pro BNP (pg/l)	48 (38–72)°	78 (38–207)	582 (187–2192)	< 0.001
> 300, n (%)	/	46 (24)	69 (62)	< 0.001
NYHA ≥ III (n, %)	/	68 (28)	88 (32)	0.32
BMI (kg/m²)	23 ± 2	27 ± 8	26 ± 9	0.185
Blood hemoglobin (g/dl)	14 ± 1§	14.2 ± 1	12.6 ± 1	< 0.001
Smoking (n, %)	/	48 (20)	66 (24)	0.274
Hypertension (n, %)	/	192 (91)	262 (95)	0.073
Diabetes (n, %)	/	116 (48)	143 (52)	0.364
Type II (n, %)	/	87 (36)	112 (41)	0.244
Vasculitis (n, %)	/	39(16)	52(19)	0.546
Polycystic syndrome (n, %)	/	7(2)	12(4)	0.188
Hyperlipidemia (n, %)	/	150 (62)	188 (68)	0.153
Known CAD (n, %)	/	68 (28)	88 (32)	0.322
3-vessel CAD or equivalent (n, %)	/	32 (13)	48 (17)	0.205
Previous revascularization (n, %)	/	53 (22)	77 (28)	0.117
Previous diagnosis of HF (n, %)	/	77 (32)	108 (39)	0.097
Cardiac medication
Beta blockers, n (%)	/	138(57)	174 (63)	0.299
RAS inhibitors, n (%)	/	198(82)	234(85)	0.358
Aldosterone inhibitors (n, %)	/	68(28)	33(12)	< 0.001
Neprilysin inhibitors (n, %)	/	27(11)	2(5)	0.011
Calcium antagonists (n, %)	/	184(76)	224(81)	0.166
Loop diuretics (n, %)	/	68(28)	199(72)	< 0.001
Platelet inhibition (n, %)	/	138(57)	136(51)	0.172
Statins (n, %)	/	155(64)	196(71)	0.089

Bold indicated p-value < 0.05
Mean ± SD, or median (IQR), p-value < 0.05 was considered significant
BP blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m²), hs-cTnT high-sensitive troponin T, CAD coronary artery disease, CRP C-reactive protein, HF heart failure, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, NYHA New York Heart Association, RAS renin-angiotensin system
*p-value for differences between patients’ groups (eGFR ≥ 60 vs eGFR < 59)
°p < 0.05 vs non-CKD and CKD patients’ groups
^§p < 0.05 vs CKD patients’ group

Back to article page