Blood flow dynamics with four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with aortic stenosis before and after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Variables	n = 32
Age, years	82 ± 5
Male, n (%)	17 (53)
Body mass index, kg/m²	21.3 ± 3.8
STS-PROM score, %	5.1 (4.1–7.1)
Past history, n (%)
Hypertension	23 (72)
Dyslipidemia	20 (63)
Diabetes mellitus	11 (34)
Atrial fibrillation	4 (13)
Coronary artery disease	12 (38)
Stroke	5 (16)
Laboratory data
Hemoglobin, g/dL	11.5 ± 1.4
Creatinine, mg/dL	0.83 (0.71–1.14)
NT-proBNP, pg/mL	1322 (568–3145)
Echocardiography
LVEDD, mm	46.7 (43.0–50.0)
LVEF, %	61 (54–70)
SVI, mL/m²	46.5 ± 12.4
IVS, mm	12.0 ± 2.0
LVMI, g/m²	117.5 (102–141)
LAVI, mL/m²	45.5 (39.7–63.0)
E/A ratio	0.70 (0.56–0.97)
E/e’ ratio	13.1 ± 4.8
AVAI, cm²/m²	0.45 ± 0.11
Mean transaortic PG, mmHg	53 ± 21
Computed tomography
Aortic annular area, mm²	444 (388–480)
Aortic annular perimeter, mm	75.7 (70.7–80.5)
Bicuspid valve, n (%)	2 (6)
Ascending aortic diameter, mm	33.2 ± 3.7
Access route for TAVR, n (%)
Femoral	28 (88)
Apical	2 (6)
Subclavian	2 (6)
TAVR model, n (%)
SAPIEN 3	26 (81)
Evolut R	3 (9)
Evolut PRO	3 (9)
THV size, n (%)
23 mm	11 (34)
26 mm	13 (41)
29 mm	8 (25)

Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation if normally distributed, and median (interquartile range) if not normally distributed
Categorical variables are presented as number of patients (%)
AVAI aortic valve area index; IVS interventricular septum; LAVI left atrial volume index; LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI left ventricular mass index; NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PG pressure gradient; STS-PROM Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality; SVI stroke volume index; TAVR transcatheter aortic valve replacement; TAVR transcatheter aortic valve replacement

ISSN: 1532-429X