Skip to main content

Table 1 Overview of proposed dark-blood LGE methods

From: Dark-blood late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance for improved detection of subendocardial scar: a review of current techniques

Magnetization preparation

Method name

(acronym)

Year

Number of subjects

Field strength

Blood Mz < Myo Mz

Blood appearance

Myocardium appearance

S-B CNRa

S-M CNRa

M-B CNRa

Reference standard

T2 preparation

T2 prep-IR

(no PSIR)

2008 [7]

9 patients

5 controls

1.5 T

No

Dark-gray

Black

Standard LGEb

T2 prep-IR

(FIDDLE)

2020 [15]

35 patients

1.5 T + 3 T

Yes

Black

Gray

↑↑

None

IR-T2 prep

2016 [8]

61 patients

no controls

1.5 T

Yes

Black

Dark-gray

↑↑

Standard LGEb

2017 [9]

172 patients

no controls

1.5 T

Yes

Black

Dark-gray

↑↑

Standard LGEb

2018 [10]

9 pigs

42 patients

no controls

1.5 T

Equal

Black

Black

↑↑

Absent

Standard LGEb

2018 [11]

5 swine

45 patients

no controls

1.5 T

Equal

Black

Black

↑↑

Absent

Standard LGEb

Yes

Dark-gray

Black

Magnetization transfer

MT-IR

(FIDDLE)

2018 [14]

22 dogs

20 patients

11 controls

1.5 T + 3 T

Yes

Black

Gray

↑↑

Histology + 

Standard LGEb

Spin-locking

(+ MT)

SL/MT-IR

(TRAMINER)

2017 [18]

40 patients

no controls

1.5 T

Yes

Black

Dark-gray

↑↑

Standard LGEb

2019 [19]

73 patients

no controls

1.5 T

Yes

Black

Dark-gray

↑↑

Standard LGEb

Multiple inversion

pulses

SIR-IR

2011 [20]

3 swine

26 patients

no controls

1.5 T

Equal

Black

Black

↑↑

Absent

Standard LGEb

IR-IR

2012 [21]

15 patients

no controls

3 T

Yes

Dark-gray

Black

Standard LGEb

No additional

magnetization

preparation

Blood-nulled

PSIR

2017 [22]

9 patients

no controls

1.5 T

No

Dark-gray

Black

Standard LGEb

2019 [23]

300 patients

no controls

1.5 T + 3 T

No

Dark-gray

Black

Standard LGEb

2021 [25]

50 patients

no controls

1.5 T

No

Dark-gray

Black

Standard LGEb

2021 [26]

13 pigs

1.5 T

No

Dark-gray

Black

Histology + 

Standard LGEb

  1. aIndicated values are relative to conventional (bright-blood) LGE with normal myocardium nulling: ↑ = increased, ↓ = decreased,  = maintained
  2. bConventional (bright-blood) LGE with normal myocardium nulling
  3. CNR = contrast-to-noise ratio, IR = inversion-recovery, M-B = myocardium-to-blood, MT = magnetization transfer, Mz = longitudinal magnetization, PSIR = phase-sensitive inversion-recovery, S-B = scar-to-blood, S-M = scar-to-myocardium, SIR = selective inversion-recovery, SL = spin-locking