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Table 1 Overview of proposed dark-blood LGE methods

From: Dark-blood late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance for improved detection of subendocardial scar: a review of current techniques

Magnetization preparation Method name
(acronym) 		Year Number of subjects Field strength Blood Mz < Myo Mz Blood appearance Myocardium appearance S-B CNRa S-M CNRa M-B CNRa Reference standard
T2 preparation T2 prep-IR
(no PSIR) 		2008 [7] 9 patients
5 controls 		1.5 T No Dark-gray Black ↑ ○ ↓ Standard LGEb
T2 prep-IR
(FIDDLE) 		2020 [15] 35 patients 1.5 T + 3 T Yes Black Gray ↑↑ ↓ ↓ None
IR-T2 prep 2016 [8] 61 patients
no controls 		1.5 T Yes Black Dark-gray ↑↑ ↓ ↓ Standard LGEb
2017 [9] 172 patients
no controls 		1.5 T Yes Black Dark-gray ↑↑ ↓ ↓ Standard LGEb
2018 [10] 9 pigs
42 patients
no controls 		1.5 T Equal Black Black ↑↑ ↓ Absent Standard LGEb
2018 [11] 5 swine
45 patients
no controls 		1.5 T Equal Black Black ↑↑ ↓ Absent Standard LGEb
Yes Dark-gray Black ↑ ○ ↓
Magnetization transfer MT-IR
(FIDDLE) 		2018 [14] 22 dogs
20 patients
11 controls 		1.5 T + 3 T Yes Black Gray ↑↑ ↓ ↓ Histology + 
Standard LGEb
Spin-locking
(+ MT) 		SL/MT-IR
(TRAMINER) 		2017 [18] 40 patients
no controls 		1.5 T Yes Black Dark-gray ↑↑ ○ ↓ Standard LGEb
2019 [19] 73 patients
no controls 		1.5 T Yes Black Dark-gray ↑↑ ↓ ↓ Standard LGEb
Multiple inversion
pulses 		SIR-IR 2011 [20] 3 swine
26 patients
no controls 		1.5 T Equal Black Black ↑↑ ↓ Absent Standard LGEb
IR-IR 2012 [21] 15 patients
no controls 		3 T Yes Dark-gray Black ↑ ↓ ↓ Standard LGEb
No additional
magnetization
preparation 		Blood-nulled
PSIR 		2017 [22] 9 patients
no controls 		1.5 T No Dark-gray Black ↑ ○ ↓ Standard LGEb
2019 [23] 300 patients
no controls 		1.5 T + 3 T No Dark-gray Black ↑ ○ ↓ Standard LGEb
2021 [25] 50 patients
no controls 		1.5 T No Dark-gray Black ↑ ○ ↓ Standard LGEb
2021 [26] 13 pigs 1.5 T No Dark-gray Black ↑ ○ ↓ Histology + 
Standard LGEb
  1. aIndicated values are relative to conventional (bright-blood) LGE with normal myocardium nulling: ↑ = increased, ↓ = decreased, ○ = maintained
  2. bConventional (bright-blood) LGE with normal myocardium nulling
  3. CNR = contrast-to-noise ratio, IR = inversion-recovery, M-B = myocardium-to-blood, MT = magnetization transfer, Mz = longitudinal magnetization, PSIR = phase-sensitive inversion-recovery, S-B = scar-to-blood, S-M = scar-to-myocardium, SIR = selective inversion-recovery, SL = spin-locking
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Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

ISSN: 1532-429X

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