Table 1 Clinical characteristics of control and Fontan cohort, with subgroups according to ventricular morphology

Demographics

 Gender (male)

59%

58%

0.93

50%

69%

 Median age (years)

14 (7–17)

13 (4–14)

0.057

12.3 (3.6–16.9)

13.5 (4–18)

Surgical data

 Median age at BCPC (months)

6 (2–26)

6 (2–26)

6 (2–10)

 Median age at Fontan (months)

41 (16–82)

42 (18–58)

41 (16–82)

 Cumulative bypass time (min)

229 ± 122

283 ± 120

199 ± 114

 Cumulative cross clamp time (min)

61 ± 62

85 ± 53

48 ± 63

 Cumulative DHCA time (min)

6 ± 12

12 ± 14

2 ± 10

Clinical information

 Height (cm)

164 (123–190)

151 (99–183)

 < 0.001

151 (99–173)

152 (103–183)

 Weight (kg)

60 (22–125)

34 (15–146)

 < 0.001

38 (15–146)

43 (16–89)

 Heart rate (bpm)

73 (46–105)

81 (57–145)

0.005

85 (63–145)

79 (57–110)

 Saturations (%)

95 (78–98)

95 (79–98)

95 (78–98)

 Systolic BP percentile

64 (3–100)

60 (10–98)

64 (3–100)

 Diastolic BP percentile

39 (8–100)

30 (18–97)

43 (8–100)

 Hematocrit

0.43 ± 0.04

0.44 ± 0.04

0.29

0.44 ± 0.04

0.46 ± 0.05

Cardiac catheterization

 Median interval CMR to Cath (days)

0 (0–206)

0 (0–206)

0 (0–133)

 SVEDP (mmHg)

7 ± 2

6 ± 2

8 ± 2

 CVP (mmHg)

10 ± 12

11 ± 2

10 ± 2

 MAP (mmHg)

4 ± 2

5 ± 1

6 ± 2

Echocardiography

 Median interval CMR to echo (days)

64 (1–365)

67 (1–365)

60 (2–361)

 Moderate to severe AVVR

31% (16)

45% (9)

23% (7)

 Moderate to severe AR

8% (4)

5% (1)

10% (3)

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing^a

 Median interval CMR to CPET (days)

88 (0–365)

53 (16–343)

92 (0–341)

 VO₂max (%predicted)

75.5 ± 12.1

74.8 ± 10.9

76.3 ± 13.2

 Work-load (%predicted)

81.2 ± 16.1

89.6 ± 11.5

82.0 ± 19.0

 Anaerobic threshold (% predicted)

80.9 ± 17.1

84.0 ± 17.1

79.3 ± 18.1