Table 1 Baseline and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) characteristics of patients with and without inducible ischemia on vasodilator stress CMR (N = 1402)
All patients (N = 1402) | No inducible ischemia (N = 988) | Inducible ischemia (N = 414) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 69.5 ± 11.0 | 68.5 ± 10.7 | 72.0 ± 11.3 | < 0.001 |
Males, n (%) | 935 (66.7) | 641 (64.9) | 294 (71.0) | 0.031 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.6 ± 6.3 | 28.8 ± 6.5 | 28.4 ± 5.8 | 0.288 |
Body surface index, m2 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 0.056 |
Coronary risk factors, n (%) | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 459 (32.7) | 297 (30.1) | 162 (39.1) | 0.001 |
Hypertension | 807 (57.6) | 542 (54.9) | 265 (64.0) | 0.002 |
Obesitya | 431 (30.7) | 313 (31.7) | 118 (28.5) | 0.266 |
Dyslipidemia | 819 (58.4) | 554 (56.1) | 265 (64.0) | 0.007 |
Smoking | 336 (24.0) | 248 (25.1) | 88 (21.3) | 0.142 |
Family history of CAD | 391 (27.9) | 268 (27.1) | 123 (29.7) | 0.358 |
Medical history of CVD, n (%) | ||||
Known CAD | 727 (51.9) | 516 (52.2) | 211 (51.0) | 0.71 |
History of PCI | 442 (31.5) | 336 (34.0) | 106 (25.6) | 0.002 |
History of CABG | 445 (31.7) | 277 (28.0) | 168 (40.6) | < 0.001 |
Known MI | 340 (24.3) | 246 (24.9) | 94 (22.7) | 0.42 |
Peripheral atheroma | 158 (11.3) | 72 (7.3) | 86 (20.8) | < 0.001 |
Ischemic stroke | 54 (3.9) | 39 (3.9) | 15 (3.6) | 0.892 |
Pacemaker | 7 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) | 3 (0.7) | 0.428 |
Renal failureb | 20 (1.4) | 14 (1.4) | 6 (1.4) | 1.000 |
History of hospitalization for HF | 52 (3.7) | 42 (4.3) | 10 (2.4) | 0.133 |
Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
Symptomatic angina | 706 (50.4) | 415 (42.0) | 291 (70.3) | < 0.001 |
Dyspnea | 211 (15.0) | 158 (16.0) | 53 (12.8) | 0.149 |
High cardiovascular riskc | 808 (57.6) | 519 (52.5) | 289 (69.8) | < 0.001 |
Ten-year risk for fatal CADd, % | 2.5 (1.2–5.9) | 2.1 (0.8–5.3) | 3.3 (1.5–6.4) | < 0.001 |
Indications to stress CMR, n (%) | ||||
Inconclusive stress echocardiography | 702 (50.1) | 500 (50.6) | 202 (48.8) | 0.165 |
Inconclusive SPECT | 612 (43.7) | 438 (44.3) | 174 (42.0) | 0.159 |
Inconclusive exercise ECG testing | 88 (6.3) | 66 (6.7) | 22 (5.3) | 0.512 |
Cardiac rhythm, n (%) | ||||
Sinus rhythm | 1155 (82.4) | 821 (83.1) | 334 (80.7) | 0.177 |
Atrial fibrillation/supraventricular arrhythmias | 247 (17.6) | 217 (22.0) | 30 (7.2) | < 0.001 |
LV ejection fraction, % | 50.4 ± 12.1 | 50.1 ± 11.9 | 51.2 ± 12.5 | 0.007 |
LV end-diastolic volume index, ml/m2 | 93.3 ± 31.2 | 94.8 ± 31.6 | 89.6 ± 30.1 | 0.004 |
LV end-systolic volume index, ml/m2 | 51.2 ± 26.1 | 52.5 ± 26.1 | 48.1 ± 26.0 | 0.004 |
LV mass, g/m2 | 73.9 ± 9.8 | 72.2 ± 9.8 | 78.7 ± 9.7 | < 0.001 |
RV ejection fraction, % | 63.6 ± 10.5 | 63.6 ± 10.5 | 63.5 ± 10.6 | 0.771 |
Presence of LGE, n (%) | 556 (39.7) | 422 (42.7) | 134 (32.4) | < 0.001 |
Presence of viability if LGE, n (%)e | 178 (12.7) | 117 (11.8) | 61 (14.7) | 0.163 |
Number of LGE segments if LGE | 0.9 ± 1.3 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.8 ± 1.4 | 0.09 |
Number of ischemic segments | 0.7 ± 1.2 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
RPP at baseline, mmHg/beats/min | 9.1 (7.5–10.1) | 9.1 (7.5–10.1) | 9.2 (7.6–10.4) | 0.533 |
RPP at stress, mmHg/beats/min | 10.8 (10.4–12.7) | 10.8 (10.4–12.7) | 11.4 (9.9–14.5) | 0.175 |
CMR-related coronary revascularizationb, n (%) | 323 (23.0) | 0 (0) | 323 (78.0) | < 0.001 |
By PCI | 317 (22.6) | 0 (0) | 317 (76.6) | < 0.001 |
By CABG | 6 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 6 (1.4) | 0.004 |