Moving beyond size: vorticity and energy loss are correlated with right ventricular dysfunction and exercise intolerance in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

Table 1 Overall demographics

	rTOF patients (n = 58)	RV dilation patients (n = 28)	p	Normal controls (n = 12)	p
Demographics
Age (years), IQR	21.7 (12.2–29.6)	11.5 (4.0–15.5)	< 0.001	13.9 (9.1–17.7)	0.038
Female	30 (51%)	14 (50%)		6 (50%)
BSA (m²)	1.5 ± 0.40	1.2 ± 0.6	< 0.001	1.4 ± 0.5	ns
Native anatomy
	TOF-PS 47 (84%) TOF-PA 11 (16%)	PAPVR 24 (85%) 2° ASD 4 (15%)
CMR data
RVEDV (mL)	203 ± 81	165 ± 110	ns	131 ± 55	0.0017
RVEDVI (mL/m²)	131 ± 33	148 ± 57	ns	86 ± 15	< 0.001
RVESVI (mL/m²)	65 ± 21	61 ± 29	ns	38 ± 10	< 0.001
RVEF (%)	51.1% ± 5.5%	60.4% ± 6.1%	< 0.001	60.0% ± 5.8%	< 0.001
PR%	27.9% ± 16.4%	0.0 ± 0.04%	< 0.001	0.0 ± 0.03%	< 0.001
Qp:Qs	1.0 ± 0.05	2.5 ± 1.4	< 0.001	1.0 ± 0.08	ns

Fifty-eight repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) patients, 28 patients with right ventricular (RV) dilation and twelve normal controls were included. RV dilation patients had either partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) or large secundum type atrial septal defects (2° ASD). There was selection bias in that rTOF patients tended to be older and larger than RV dilation patients, although had similar indexed right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) and RV end-systolic volume index (RVESVI)
BSA body surface area, RVEF right ventricular ejection fraction, PR% pulmonary regurgitation percent

ISSN: 1532-429X