Fig. 4

Left atrial volume distributions for combinations of manual and automated steps for segmentation and end-systolic (ES) frame selection. Estimated distribution of maximum LAVI in sample C calculated middle: from human raters, left: by automated segmentation on the same time-frame as for the human rating (LA volumes did not substantially deviate from human) and right: by automated segmentation after additional prediction of the end-systolic (ES) frame (Atri-U). With Atri-U, 47 cases showed values within the acceptable limits, while 3 cases deviated more (marked as triangles, circles and stars across all three methods). In general, the lower and upper boundaries of the violin plot represent minimum and maximum values, respectively. The distribution of the underlying data (scatter) is represented by the curved sides of the plot