Table 3 Mitral valve apparatus measurements

MVP distance (mm)

N/A

7 [5–9]

6 [4–8]

0.9 [0.5–1.7]

Mitral leaflets thickness

 Anterior leaflet (mm)

2 [2–2]

3 [2, 3]**

3 [2, 3]**

3 [3–5]**

 Posterior leaflet (mm)

1 [1, 2]

2 [2, 3]**

2 [2, 3]**

4 [3, 4]**

Mitral annulus diameter

 Diastole (cm/m²)

1.7 [1.5–1.9]

2.1 [1.9–2.4]**

1.9 [1.7–2.1]**

2.1 [1.9–2.4]*

 Systole (cm/m²)

1.9 [1.7–2.1]

2.4 [2.1–2.7]**

2.0 [1.9–2.2]**

1.9 [1.6–2.1]

 Lengthening (cm/m²)

0.2 [0–0.4]

0.2 [0.1–0.4]

0.3 [0.1–0.4]

0.4 [0.3–0.5]*

Mitral annulus disjunction

 Presence diastole, n (%)

1 (2)

14 (18)**

7 (21)**

2 (15)*

 Extent diastole (cm)

0.2 [0.2–0.2]

0.3 [0.2–0.3]*

0.3 [0.2–0.3]*

0.3 [0.2–0.3]

 Presence systole, n (%)

1 (2)

32 (40)**

15 (44)**

4 (31)**

 Extent systole (cm)

0.2 [0.2–0.2]

0.8 [0.6–1.0]**

0.7 [0.4–1]**

0.6 [0.2–0.6]

Mitral annulus angle (º)

4 [2–6]

7 [4–10]**

7 [3–11]*

3 [2–6]

Anterior annulus to external reference point

 Diastole (cm/m²)

6.6 [6.2–7.2]

7.1 [6.6–7.8]*

7.2 [6.5–8.0]*

7.3 [7.2–7.7]*

 Systole (cm/m²)

6.0 [5.6–6.7]

6.5 [5.9–7.1]*

6.5 [5.7–7.4]

6.9 [6.5–6.9]*

 Shortening (cm/m²)

0.6 [0.5–0.8]

0.6 [0.5–0.8]

0.6 [0.5–0.8]

0.8 [0.6–0.9]

Posterior annulus to external reference point

 Diastole (cm/m²)

6.4 [6.0–6.8]

6.8 [6.2–7.4]*

6.8 [6.2–7.3]*

7.2 [6.9–7.3]**

 Systole (cm/m²)

5.6 [5.3–6.2]

6.0 [5.4–6.5]

6.0 [5.3–6.5]

6.5 [6.1–6.6]*

 Shortening (cm/m²)

0.7 [0.5–0.9]

1.0 [0.7–1.0]*

0.9 [0.7–1.0]*

0.8 [0.6–1.1]

PM to anterior annulus distance

 Diastole (cm/m²)

3.8 [3.7–4.1]

4.4 [4.1–4.8]**

4.4 [4.1–4.7]**

4.4 [3.9–4.4]*

 Systole (cm/m²)

3.4 [3.2–3.8]

3.6 [3.3–4.0]

3.5 [3.3–3.9]

3.6 [3.4–3.9]

 Shortening (cm/m²)

0.5 [0.3–0.6]

0.8 [0.6–1.0]**

0.8 [0.6–0.9]**

0.7 [0.4–0.8]

PM to posterior annulus distance

 Diastole (cm/m²)

3.1 [2.9–3.3]

3.4 [3.1–3.8]**

3.3 [3.1–3.6]*

3.4 [2.8–3.5]

 Systole (cm/m²)

2.6 [2.4–2.8]

2.7 [2.4–2.9]

2.6 [2.4–2.8]

2.8 [2.5–3.1]

 Shortening (cm/m²)

0.5 [0.3–0.6]

0.8 [0.6–1.0]**

0.7 [0.5–0.9]**

0.4 [0.4–0.8]

PM length

 Diastole (cm/m²)

1.6 [1.4–1.7]

1.7 [1.4–1.9]

1.7 [1.4–1.8]

1.6 [1.4–1.9]

 Systole (cm/m²)

1.2 [1.0–1.4]

1.5 [1.2–1.7]**

1.4 [1.2–1.6]*

1.3 [1.2–1.5]

 Shortening (cm/m²)

0.4 [0.2–0.5]

0.2 [0.1–0.4]*

0.3 [0.1–0.4]*

0.3 [0.3–0.4]

Distance from papillary muscle tip to leaflet

 Diastole (cm/m²)

1.1 [0.9–1.2]

1.1 [1.0–1.3]

1.1 [0.9–1.2]

1.1 [1.1–1.3]*

 Systole (cm/m²)

1.1 [0.9–1.2]

1.2 [1.1–1.4]*

1.2 [1.0–1.4]

1.2 [1.1–1.4]*