Exercise-induced irregular right heart flow dynamics in adolescents and young adults born preterm

Table 2 Hemodynamic parameters at rest and during exercise with corresponding mean percent change

Parameter	Rest			Exercise			Mean percent change [%]
Parameter	term	Preterm	p	Term	Preterm	p	Term	Preterm	p
HR [bpm]	73 ± 13	79 ± 14	0.08	106 ± 22	110 ± 16	0.22	44 ± 14	42 ± 23	0.80
SV index [mL/m²]	40 ± 5	38 ± 7	0.25	44 ± 10	37 ± 10	0.003	10 ± 21	-4 ± 18	0.007
CI [L/min]	2.9 ± 0.5	3.0 ± 0.5	0.62	4.5 ± 0.8	4.0 ± 1.0	0.05	58 ± 26	36 ± 27	0.004
Systolic KE × 10^–8 [J]	9.2 ± 3.6	10.3 ± 3.0	0.30	14.4 ± 5.1	12.9 ± 4.5	0.31	64 ± 61	30 ± 43	0.04
Diastolic KE × 10^–8 [J]	7.1 ± 2.2	8.7 ± 3.8	0.03	12.5 ± 5.6	13.7 ± 6.6	0.45	80 ± 73	66 ± 61	0.44
Systolic η [mL/mJ]	11.5 ± 3.3	9.7 ± 4.4	0.31	8.6 ± 4.4	6.9 ± 2.1	0.15	− 20 ± 30	− 20 ± 32	0.99
Diastolic η [mL/mJ]	13.7 ± 2.5	11.7 ± 4.4	0.07	10.2 ± 4.4	6.8 ± 2.3	0.002	− 26 ± 27	− 37 ± 24	0.20
Systolic ω [s⁻¹]	87 ± 26	98 ± 30	0.14	126 ± 37	113 ± 31	0.26	50 ± 46	18 ± 21	0.006
Diastolic ω [s⁻¹]	79 ± 16	94 ± 32	0.01	102 ± 20	116 ± 34	0.08	32 ± 28	27 ± 21	0.34

Results are presented as the mean plus/minus the standard deviation of the sample. p-values are provided for comparisons between term and preterm subjects with an age-adjusted model. Significant p-values (p < 0.05) are in bold. HR heart rate, SV stroke volume, CI cardiac index, KE mean kinetic energy, η kinetic energy efficiency, ω mean vorticity

ISSN: 1532-429X