Fig. 3

Differences in 4D flow right ventricular (RV) parameters according to RV function; RV remodelling; and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂). RV direct flow (left), RV residual volume (middle) and peak E-wave KEi_EDV (right) are presented (A) among healthy controls, rTOF with preserved RV function, and rTOF with reduced RV function; (B) among healthy controls, rTOF with preserved RV remodelling and rTOF with abnormal RV remodelling; (C) among healthy controls, rTOF with preserved peak VO₂ and rTOF with abnormal peak VO₂. *P < 0.05 compared with healthy controls; ^†P < 0.05 compared with rTOF with preserved RV function, and rTOF with preserved RV remodelling, respectively. Error bars denote median—25th percentile (lower) and 75th percentile—median (upper). KEi_EDV kinetic energy normalized to end-diastolic volume (EDV), rTOF repaired tetralogy of Fallot