Table 1 4D flow CMR imaging parameters in this study
Vendor | Philips | Siemens | GE |
|---|---|---|---|
Magnetic field strength (T) | 3 | 1.5 | 3 |
Pulse sequence | Spoiled gradient echo | Spoiled gradient echo | Spoiled gradient echo |
Acceleration method | EPI factor 5 and SENSE factor 2 | GRAPPA factor 2 | kat-ARC factor 2 |
Field of view (mm2) | 340 × 340 | 340 × 236.8 | 340 × 340 |
Slice orientation | Coronal | Sagittal | Axial |
Acquired voxel size (mm3) | 3.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 | 3.0 × 3.0 ×  3.0 | 1.4–2.0 × 1.4–2.0 × 1.4–2.0 |
TR/TE (ms) | 6.4–12.0/3.3–4.0 | 40.56/2.94 | 4.3/2.1 |
Flip angle (°) | 10 | 9 | 8–12 |
Cardiac phases | 30 | 27–33 (depending on RR interval) | 30 |
VENC (cm/s) | 150 (maximum 220) | 220 | 160–200 |
Cardiac gating | Retrospective ECG gating | Prospective ECG gating | Retrospective ECG gating |
Respiratory motion | Free breathing | Free breathing | Free breathing |
Scan time (min) | 5—10 | 20 | 6–10 |