Table 1 Baseline clinical, echocardiographic and CMR data
|  | Male (n = 185) | Female (n = 58) | Total (n = 243) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical data | Â | Â | Â | |
Age (years) | 46.8 ± 16.5 | 53.2 ± 16.2 | 48.3 ± 16.6 | 0.017 |
Heart rate (beats per minute) | 67 ± 12 | 75 ± 12 | 69 ± 13 |  < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129 ± 18 | 128 ± 21 | 129 ± 19 | 0.439 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68 ± 12 | 69 ± 12 | 68 ± 12 | 0.576 |
Body mass index | 27.7 ± 5.1 | 28.2 ± 6.6 | 27.8 ± 5.5 | 0.635 |
Height (cm) | 178.5 ± 7.5 | 163.5 ± 6.4 | 175.2 ± 9.5 |  < 0.001 |
Type of aortic valve | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Unicuspid  Bicuspid  Tricuspid  Quadricuspid | 2 (1.1%) 128 (70.7%) 50 (27.6%) 0 | 0 20 (34.5%) 37 (63.8%) 1 (1.7%) | 2 (0.8%) 148 (61.9%) 87 (36.4%) 1 (0.4%) |  < 0.001 |
Dilated ascending aorta (> 4 cm) | 74 (43.3%) | 27 (49.1%) | 101 (44.7%) | 0.451 |
Coronary artery disease | 17 (9.2%) | 8 (13.8%) | 25 (10.3%) | 0.314 |
Atrial fibrillation | 16 (8.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 17 (7.0%) | 0.071 |
Chronic kidney disease | 6 (3.2%) | 4 (6.9%) | 10 (4.1%) | 0.222 |
Diabetes mellitus | 9 (4.9%) | 1 (1.7%) | 10 (4.1%) | 0.293 |
Hypertension | 94 (50.8%) | 34 (58.6%) | 128 (52.7%) | 0.299 |
NYHA class: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 1  2  3 | 139 (75.1%) 38 (20.5%) 7 (3.8%) | 29 (50.0%) 23 (39.7%) 6 (10.3%) | 168 (69.1%) 61 (25.1%) 13 (5.4%) | 0.003 |
Echocardiographic data indexed to BSA | Â | Â | Â | |
 LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 87.0 ± 31.5 | 60.1 ± 24.0 | 81.0 ± 32.0 |  < 0.001 |
 LVESVI (ml/m2) | 35.9 ± 18.4 | 25.0 ± 14.2 | 33.5 ± 18.1 |  < 0.001 |
 LVEDDI (cm/m2) | 2.8 ± 0.57 | 2.6 ± 0.44 | 2.7 ± 0.50 | 0.041 |
 LVESDI (cm/m2) | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.024 |
 LV mass index (g/m2) | 133.9 ± 47.0 | 108.5 ± 39.1 | 128.3 ± 46.5 |  < 0.001 |
 LVEF (%) | 57.9 ± 6.5 | 58.6 ± 6.5 | 58.0 ± 6.5 | 0.374 |
CMR data indexed to BSA | Â | Â | Â | |
 LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 125.6 ± 39.4 | 96.8 ± 27.0 | 119.2 ± 38.9 |  < 0.001 |
 LVESVI (ml/m2) | 54.5 ± 23.8 | 41.1 ± 16.4 | 51.5 ± 23.0 |  < 0.001 |
 LVEDDI (cm/m2) | 2.9 ± 0.54 | 2.8 ± 0.51 | 2.9 ± 0.53 | 0.520 |
 LVESDI (cm/m2) | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 0.300 |
 Length | 9.7 ± 1.1 | 8.3 ± 0.7 | 9.4 ± 1.2 |  < 0.001 |
 LV mass index (g/m2) | 78.3 ± 27.1 | 66.2 ± 22.4 | 75.7 ± 26.6 |  < 0.001 |
LVEF (%) | 57.5 ± 6.5 | 58.3 ± 6.9 | 57.7 ± 6.6 | 0.733 |
RF | 28.1 ± 15.5 | 21.2 ± 17.5 | 26.4 ± 16.2 | 0.001 |
RV | 38.9 + 29.8 | 18.0 ± 16.4 | 34.0 ± 28.6 |  < 0.001 |
HFR | 35.3% | 27.0% | 33.7% | 0.439 |
Echocardiographic data—indexed to height |  |  |  | |
 LVEDVI (ml/m2.7) | 37.8 ± 13.7 | 28.8 ± 11.6 | 35.8 ± 13.8 |  < 0.001 |
 LVESVI (ml/m2.7) | 15.8 ± 7.9 | 11.9 ± 6.8 | 15.0 ± 7.8 |  < 0.001 |
 LVEDDI (cm/m2.7) | 1.2 ± 0.22 | 1.3 ± 0.19 | 1.2 ± 0.22 | 0.009 |
 LVESDI (cm/m2.7) | 0.78 ± 0.17 | 0.81 ± 0.14 | 0.79 ± 0.16 | 0.131 |
 LV mass index (g/m2.7) | 58.4 ± 20.5 | 53.7 ± 19.9 | 57.4 ± 20.4 | 0.038 |
CMR data indexed to height | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 LVEDVI (ml/m2.7) | 53.7 ± 17.3 | 46.4 ± 14.1 | 52.0 ± 16.9 | 0.002 |
 LVESVI (ml/m2.7) | 23.2 ± 10.2 | 19.7 ± 8.1 | 22.4 ± 9.8 | 0.005 |
 LVEDDI (cm/m2.7) | 1.2 ± 0.21 | 1.4 ± 0.22 | 1.3 ± 0.22 |  < 0.001 |
 LVESDI (cm/m2.7) | 0.80 ± 0.18 | 0.87 ± 0.21 | 0.82 ± 0.19 | 0.019 |
 LVMi (g/m2.7) | 33.9 ± 12.4 | 32.1 ± 12.3 | 33.5 ± 12.4 | 0.231 |