Fig. 3From: Precision measurement of cardiac structure and function in cardiovascular magnetic resonance using machine learningSpatial normalisation. The geometric relationship between the SAx, 2Ch and 4Ch planes are known—the three planes are overlaid in 3D in the left image. Spatial normalisation of each image is performed by transformation to a normalised reference frame as shown in the right image. 2Ch 2-chamber, 4Ch 4-chamber, SAx short-axisBack to article page