Detection of increased pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in the human heart during adenosine stress test using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Table 1 Population characteristics (mean ± SD)

Study population (n = 6)	Rest study	Stress study	P value
General
Age, years	29 ± 7
Gender, male/female	4/2
Metabolic parameters
BMI, Kg/m²	23 ± 4	24 ± 5	0.5
HbA1c, mmol/mol	34.0 ± 1.5	32.0 ± 2.2	0.2
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	5.1 ± 0.3	5.2 ± 0.3	0.6
Glucose 1 h post OGTT	6.6 ± 1.2	6.6 ± 1.2	1
Resting systolic BP, mmHg	122 ± 5	124 ± 9	0.6
Resting HR, bpm	68 ± 9	65 ± 13	0.5
Echocardiography
E/A ratio	1.5 ± 0.6
E/e’, mean	6.0 ± 1.1
CMR
LVEF, % (range)	55 ± 4 (51–61)	56 ± 3 (51–60)	0.8
LVEDV index, ml/m²	76 ± 13	72 ± 11	0.2
LVESV index, ml/m²	33 ± 3	29 ± 7	0.4
LV mass index, g/m²	55 ± 2	58 ± 3	0.1

BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HbA1C, glycated haemoglobin; HR, heart rate; E/A, early to late peak diastolic transmitral flow velocity ratio; E/e', early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity ratio; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LV mass, left ventricular mass
*Significance P < 0.05

ISSN: 1532-429X