Fig. 4

Images of the catheter in a patient with Glenn physiology, acquired using the pSAT approach (A) and T1-overlay on a 3D black-blood dataset (B) in three sequentially-acquired imaging planes. The 3D black-blood acquisition provides excellent visualization of the vessel walls, enabling the catheter to be clearly seen within the lumen of the vessel with T1-overlay. In some cases, using a 3D turbo spin echo (TSE) black-blood dataset as a roadmap may be beneficial for visualization of the lumen of the vasculature, or for improved imaging of the anatomy near metal implants. A short video of this case can be seen in Additional file 2, where the catheter is clearly seen as it is advanced from the left pulmonary artery (LPA) to the right pulmonary artery