Table 1 Study population

Age (years)

33 ± 7

32 ± 7

0.6

–

–

Female sex

11 (50%)

33 (45%)

0.6

–

–

Monthly household income (South African rand per month)

 < 5000

4 (18%)

53 (73%)

0.02

–

–

 5000 to 20,000

14 (77%)

19 (26%)

 > 20,000

4 (18%)

1 (1%)

Smoking history

6 (27%)

36 (49%)

0.07

37 (51%)

Ethanol (units per week)

0.5 (0 to 7)

4 (0 to 12)

0.2

0 (0 to 11)

0.01

Waist circumference (cm)

95 ± 18

80 ± 9

< 0.001

82 ± 10

0.06

Body mass index (kg/m²)

30 ± 8

23 ± 4

< 0.001

24 ± 4

< 0.001

World Health Organisation HIV clinical stage

 I

–

28 (38%)

–

28 (38%)

–

 II

19 (26%)

19 (26%)

 III

25 (34%)

24 (34%)

 IV

1 (1%)

2 (1%)

On treatment for TB

10 (14%)

–

2* (3%)

–

Pulmonary

–

8

0

Extra-pulmonary

2

2

Days since HIV diagnosis

–

8 (5 to 26)

-

300 (283 to 389)

–

Time to interim follow up (months)

–

–

–

4 (3 to 5)

–

Time to 9 months follow up (months)

–

–

–

9 (9 to 13)

–

History of proven COVID-19 (mild disease)

1 (5%)

None

1 (1%)

–

Antibody evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in unimmunised persons

None

Not performed at baseline

–

18 (25%)

–

Medications

 Salbutamol metered dose inhaler

1 (5%)

1 (1%)

–

1 (1%)

–

 Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/ethambutol

–

10 (14%)

2 (3%)

 Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole

–

21 (29%)

14 (19%)

 Isoniazid prophylaxis

–

1 (1%)

43 (59%)

 Pyridoxine

–

10 (14%)

43 (59%)

 Tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir

–

Naïve

71 (97%)

 Losartan

–

–

2 (3%)

 Amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide

–

1 (2%)

3 (4%)

 Statins

–

–

1 (1%)

Clinical course on ART

 Immunological failure^** at interim or final follow up

–

–

–

15 (21%)

–

 Viral load > 200 copies/ml at interim or 9 months

–

–

–

15 (21%)

–

6 min walk test distance (m)

637 ± 84

618 ± 92

0.4

621 ± 75

0.7