Table 1 Demographics for the healthy control and BAV cohorts

Group size

25

120

510

216

171

87

36

–

Age (years)

49 ± 12

61.1 ± 10.7^□

51.5 ± 13.5

52.5 ± 14

52.2 ± 12.6

48.8 ± 13.7

48.3 ± 12

< 0.001

BMI

26 ± 5

28.9 ± 5.7

27.9 ± 5.6

28.1 ± 6.4

27.9 ± 5.2

27.5 ± 4.3

28.3 ± 4.1

0.4

Female (%)

24.0

21.7

24.4

35.1^∆○◊

20.7^□

11.5^□

8.3^□

< 0.001

LVEF (%)

56.1 ± 6.2

59.1 ± 5.8^□

60.7 ± 7.9

62 ± 7.2^*◊

60.5 ± 7.7^*◊

59.8 ± 8.7

55.2 ± 9

< 0.001

MAAD (mm)

–

40.7 ± 3.5

42.8 ± 5

42.2 ± 4.9

43.5 ± 5.2

42.9 ± 4.6

43.2 ± 4.8

< 0.001

SOV (mm)

–

42.1 ± 5.1^□

41.1 ± 4.9

40 ± 5

41.7 ± 4.7

42 ± 4.9

42.6 ± 4.2

< 0.001

HR

64 ± 9

64 ± 11

69 ± 12

68 ± 12

69 ± 12

69 ± 13

69 ± 2

0.5

CO

5.3 ± 1.1

5.3 ± 1.5^□

7.8 ± 12.4

7.6 ± 15.3

6.5 ± 1.9

10.4 ± 18

9.4 ± 2.4

0.04

SV

84.5 ± 16.7

84.4 ± 25.5

101 ± 33

88.7 ± 27^∆○◊

101 ± 30^□○◊

117 ± 30^*□∆◊

140 ± 34^*□∆○

< 0.001

LVESV

67 ± 17.7

59.2 ± 20.9

69.3 ± 37

56.6 ± 27^*∆○◊

68.9 ± 33^□○◊

79.6 ± 32.3^□∆◊

124 ± 57^*□∆○

< 0.001

LVEDV

152 ± 29

144 ± 43

170 ± 61

146 ± 47^∆○◊

170 ± 53^□○◊

194 ± 52^*□∆◊

261 ± 79^*□∆○

< 0.001

No AS

–

120

308

128

106

55

19

0.7

Mild AS

–

–

55

19

23

11

2

0.4

Moderate AS

–

–

68

27

19

16

6

0.4

Severe AS

–

–

79

42^○

23

5^◊□

9^○

0.007