Table 1 Anthropometric variables in athletes and controls

N

124

148

84

96

40

52

Age (years)

32.1 ± 10.5

29.2 ± 9.1

32.1 ± 10.5

29.6 ± 10.1

32.2 ± 10.4

28.6 ± 8.4

NS

NS

Weight (Kg)

74 ± 14

70 ± 12

79 ± 12

76 ± 11

63 ± 13

61 ± 10

NS

 < 0.001

Height (cm)

173 ± 9

175 ± 11

177 ± 8

180 ± 9

164 ± 7

166 ± 8

NS

 < 0.001

BSA (m²)

1.87 ± 0.22

1.85 ± 0.21

1.96 ± 0.18

1.94 ± 0.18

1.69 ± 0.17

1.68 ± 0.16

NS

 < 0.001

BMI (g/m²)

21.0 ± 3.2

20.2 ± 2.7

21.9 ± 2.7

21.0 ± 2.3

19.1 ± 3.3

18.7 ± 2.6

NS

 < 0.05

Sport classification (n, %)

 Low intensity

12 (8.1%)

7 (7.3%)

5 (9.6%)

NS

 Medium intensity

70 (47.3%)

40 (41.7%)

30 (57.7%)

 High intensity

66 (44.6%)

49 (51.0%)

17 (32.7%)

Years of training (years)

10.6 ± 5.3

10.6 ± 6.0

10.6 ± 3.8

–

NS

Average training (h/week)

16.4 ± 7.9

15.1 ± 6.6

18.5 ± 9.0

–

NS

Low (< 10%)

Riflery

1

1

Fencing

1

Badminton

1

Golf

2

1

Table tennis

2

1

Field hockey

4

Orienteering

3

1

Running (long distance)

19

14

Soccer

11

1

Moderate (10–20%)

Archery

1

1

Rugby

1

Basketball

3

3

Equestrian

1

Running (sprint)

2

Running (middle distance)

6

5

Ultra racing

1

Swimming

4

Team handball

1

Tennis

1

High (> 30%)

Gymnastics

3

Wrestling

3

1

Boxing

2

Martial arts

2

2

Canoeing

1

Sailing

1

2

Kayaking

1

Weight lifting

2

Rowing

3

1

Cycling

14

4

Triathlon

10

3