Table 2 Left ventricular morphology and function parameters, wall thickness dispersion index, relative wall mass and left ventricular/right ventricular ratios in controls and athletes classified with respect to sport category

LV EDV (mL)

140 ± 31 ^‡§

140 ± 23 ^‡§

184 ± 38 ^*†§

196 ± 46 ^*†‡

 < 0.001

LV EDV/BSA (mL/m²)

77 ± 14 ^‡§

79 ± 10 ^‡§

103 ± 16 ^*†

106 ± 19 ^*†

 < 0.001

LV ESV (mL)

50 ± 19 ^‡§

51 ± 13 ^‡§

66 ± 18 ^*†§

77 ± 24 ^*†‡

 < 0.001

LV ESV/BSA (mL/m²)

27 ± 9 ^‡§

28 ± 7 ^‡§

37 ± 9 ^*†

40 ± 10 ^*†

 < 0.001

LV EF (%)

66 ± 7

65 ± 7

64 ± 6

63 ± 6

NS

LVM excluding PM (g)

118 ± 33 ^‡§

118 ± 35 ^‡§

145 ± 40 ^*†§

163 ± 41 ^*†‡

 < 0.001

LVM excluding PM/BSA (g/m²)

67 ± 13 ^‡§

65 ± 14 ^‡§

80 ± 19 ^*†

83 ± 16 ^*†

 < 0.001

LV RWM excluding PM (g/mL)

0.83 ± 0.14 ^‡§

0.81 ± 0.15

0.78 ± 0.15 ^*

0.78 ± 0.18 ^*

 < 0.05

LV Max WT (mm)

8.4 ± 1.32 ^‡§

9.2 ± 2.2

9.4 ± 1.8 ^*

9.8 ± 1.7 ^*

 < 0.001

WTDI (mm)

0.89 ± 0.23 ^‡§

1.01 ± 0.42

1.03 ± 0.38 ^*

1.12 ± 0.38 ^*

 < 0.01

WT AB ratio

0.78 ± 0.05

0.79 ± 0.07

0.80 ± 0.06

0.79 ± 0.08

NS

PM mass, total (g)

4.7 ± 1.34 ^‡§

4.8 ± 1.3 ^§

5.4 ± 1.6 ^*§

6.2 ± 1.6 ^*†

 < 0.001

PM mass/BSA (g/m²)

2.5 ± 0.65 ^‡§

2.8 ± 0.68

3.1 ± 0.80 ^*

3.2 ± 0.76 ^*

 < 0.001

LV AVPD, septal (%)

20 ± 4

18 ± 4

20 ± 3

20 ± 4

NS

LV AVPD, lateral (%)

18 ± 4

18 ± 3

19 ± 4

18 ± 4

NS

LV sphericity index, ES

2.44 ± 0.38

2.41 ± 0.23

2.33 ± 0.30

2.35 ± 0.37

NS

LV sphericity index, ED

2.01 ± 0.21

2.07 ± 0.18

2.00 ± 0.19

1.97 ± 0.21

NS

LV / RV EDV ratio

1.00 ± 0.12

0.99 ± 0.10

1.00 ± 0.10

1.02 ± 0.11

NS

LV / RV ESV ratio

0.92 ± 0.23

0.92 ± 0.15

0.94 ± 0.18

0.98 ± 0.20

NS

LV / RV EF ratio

1.07 ± 0.10

1.05 ± 0.08

1.05 ± 0.09

1.04 ± 0.08

NS